1)

A BOSIS FOR MUKTZEH [Shabbos: Muktzeh: Bosis]

(a)

Gemara

1.

44a (Rav): If a bed was designated for coins, one may not move it [on Shabbos].

2.

Objection (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak - Mishnah): One may move a new Ner, but not a used Ner.

i.

A Ner is made for lighting, yet one may move it before lighting in it. A bed is not made for coins, all the more so it is permitted before it was used for coins!

3.

Correction: Rather, if a bed was designated for coins and one put coins on it, one may not move it. If he did not put coins on it, one may move it;

4.

If it was not designated for coins, if there are coins on it, one may not move it. If not, one may move it, as long as there were not coins on it [all of] Bein ha'Shemashos.

5.

44b Question (R. Elazar - Mishnah): If the Ofan of a Sheidah (wheel of a wagon, or base of a chest) comes off [easily], one may not drag it on Shabbos when there are coins on it.

i.

Inference: One may drag it when there are no coins on it, even if there were coins on it Bein ha'Shemashos!

6.

Answer: The Mishnah is like R. Shimon, who permits Muktzeh. Rav holds like R. Yehudah.

7.

123a (Rav Chinena): All agree about dying (alternatively - weaving) tools. Since people care about them, they fix a place for them. (Therefore, they may not be used for other purposes.)

8.

141b (Beraisa #1): One may take a shoe off the mold [around which it is shaped];

9.

Contradiction (Beraisa #2): One may not take it off.

10.

Resolution: Beraisa #1 is Chachamim, and Beraisa #2 is R. Eliezer:

i.

(Mishnah - R. Eliezer): A shoe on a mold is Tahor (it is not a finished Kli);

ii.

Chachamim say, it is Mekabel Tum'ah.

11.

Question: This is like Rava, who permits moving Kli she'Melachto l'Isur (the mold is used for making shoes) for its use or place. However, Abaye permits moving it to use it, but not for its place!

12.

Answer: The case is, it is loose. (One need not move the mold to remove the shoe);

i.

(Beraisa - R. Yehudah): If it is loose, it is permitted.

ii.

Inference: If it is not loose, it is forbidden.

13.

Question: This is like Abaye. However, Rava permits moving Kli she'Melachto l'Isur even for its place. It should be permitted in either case!

14.

Answer: R. Yehudah explains R. Eliezer's opinion. He holds that a shoe on the mold is not a finished Kli;

i.

(Beraisa - R. Yehudah citing R. Eliezer): If it is loose, it is permitted.

15.

142a (Beraisa): One may move Tamei Terumah with Tahor Terumah or Chulin.

16.

142b (Mishnah): If a rock is on a barrel, one tilts the barrel and the rock falls;

17.

If [he cannot do so because] it is between other barrels, he picks up [and moves] the barrel and tilts it, and the rock falls.

18.

If coins are on a pillow, he shakes the pillow and they fall off.

19.

(Rav): This is only if he forgot [the rock or coins]. If he intentionally left it, it [the barrel or pillow] is a Bosis for Isur.

(b)

Rishonim

1.

Rif and Rosh (21a and 3:20): If there were coins on a bed Bein ha'Shemashos, since it was Muktzeh Bein ha'Shemashos, it is Muktzeh all of Shabbos. It is Muktzah due to Isur. Therefore, one may not move it.

i.

Hagahos Ashri (DH v'Afilu): R. Shimon permits whenever the coins are not on it, even if they were on all of Bein ha'Shemashos. It is forbidden when they are on it. If one intentionally put on it, it is a Bosis and it is forbidden even l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo. If he forgot, he may move it while they are on it, but not from the sun to the shade or so it will not be stolen. The Ri forbids not l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo, even if they are not on it now and were not on Bein ha'Shemashos, just it was designated for coins, and he put coins on it even during the week, just like a Shofar or trumpet, which is Melachto l'Isur.

2.

Rambam (Hilchos Shabbos 25:10): Any Kli that it was forbidden to move it Bein ha'Shemashos, it is forbidden to move it all of Shabbos, even if the matter that caused the Isur went away.

3.

Rosh (3:20): R. Tam says that R. Shimon agrees about a bed designated for coins if he put coins on it, for one is particular about it and designates a place for it. This is like we say about dying (or weaving) tools. Since people care about them, they fix a place for them.

i.

Tosfos (36a DH Ha R. Shimon): R. Shimon holds that the only Muktzeh is due to Chisaron Kis (something valuable that one uses only for its intended use). He permits only l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo. He agrees that from the sun to the shade is forbidden.

ii.

Tosfos (44b DH Ha): What was the Gemara's question? We could say that he forgot. Therefore, even though there were coins on it all of Bein ha'Shemashos, if now there are not, it is permitted! We learn that when it does not come off, one may properly move it! The Rashba answered that we must say that he put [intentionally], for 'one may not drag it' connotes even l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo. If he forgot, it is forbidden l'Tzorech Gufo, but permitted l'Tzorech u'Mkomo while they are on it. However, perhaps R. Shimon agrees about a bed designated for coins on which coins were put, like we say that all agree about dying tools, since one designates a place for them. Above we asked from a Ner, for we distinguish between a bed and other matters only when coins were on them.

iii.

Tosfos (36a DH Ha R. Yehudah): Even though a Shofar is Melachto l'Isur, R. Yehudah permits moving it l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo. He forbids a trumpet, since it has very limited Heter uses, therefore it is Huktzeh (cast off) from permitted uses. It is like a bed designated for coins on which one put coins. Rav forbids moving it, and we establish this like R. Yehudah. It seems that R. Yehudah forbids a hen's nest even l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo (45b).

(c)

Poskim

1.

Shulchan Aruch (OC 310:7): Even if now there are no coins on a bed, but there were coins on it Bein ha'Shemashos, one may not move it. Since it was Muktzeh Bein ha'Shemashos, it is Muktzeh for all of Shabbos.

2.

Rema: [One may not move it] even l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo.

i.

Beis Yosef (DH veha'Rif): The Rosh says that if one is particular to fix a place for a Kli, it is like a Kli she'Melachto l'Isur. One may move it l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo, but not from the sun to the shade. If so, R. Tam forbids only from the sun to the shade, but not l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo, if now there are no coins on it. Hagahos Ashri says similarly. It seems that the Rambam holds that the Rif. He does not distinguish between whether or not he designated it. R. Yerucham says that this is primary. All agree [that it is forbidden to move it] when there were coins on it all of Bein ha'Shemashos, and they were removed afterwards, like a lamp that extinguished. All the Poskim forbid even l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo, unlike Hagahos Ashri, who always permits l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo.

ii.

Magen Avraham (5): The Beis Yosef said so according to the Rosh. This requires investigation, for the Rosh said that it is like dying (or weaving) tools. Since people care about them, they fix a place for them. If so, they are forbidden even l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo, like it says 308:1. Hagahos Maimoniyos connotes like this. He says that it is like dry figs and raisins. Also Tosfos (36a DH Ha) says so. Hagahos Ashri is like the first opinion. Also Ra'avan says that all agree that if he designated it, it is like Kli she'Melachto l'Isur, like I wrote in 308:3. It is permitted only l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo. Therefore, one should be stringent.

iii.

Gra (DH v'Afilu): Regarding from the sun to the shade, even R. Shimon forbids, like Tosfos (36a DH Ha R. Shimon) says. We permit l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo if he forgot the Muktzeh on it. This is only if there is also Heter on the Bosis. If not, it is forbidden, like it says on 142a. (We permit moving Tamei Terumah, i.e. l'Tzorech Gufo, only if there is Tahor Terumah with it - Damesek Eliezer.) See Tosfos (44b DH Ha).

iv.

Damesek Eliezer: Tosfos holds that when it became a Bosis, there is no Heter l'Tzorech Mekomo.

v.

Mishnah Berurah (25): This is worse than a Stam Kli she'Melachto l'Isur, since it was specifically designated for this. Presumably, he designates a place for it, and is particular not to use it for anything else. (In any case, if he did not yet put coins on it at all, but merely designated it, it is not Muktzeh, for designation is not significant.) Therefore, it is like Muktzeh due to Chisaron Kis. The Magen Avraham said that if so, it is forbidden even l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo, and questioned the Rema. The Prishah and Gra agreed with the Magen Avraham.

3.

Rema: Some forbid if it was designated for coins this and put [Muktzeh] on it, even if it was removed during the day.

i.

Mishnah Berurah (27): The Magen Avraham and other Acharonim hold that this opinion forbids in every case. In any case, the Eliyahu Rabah says that even if the pouch is special for coins, if one is not adamant not to put other things inside, it is not Muktzeh because of Chisaron Kis. Rather, it is like a Stam Kli she'Melachto l'Isur, and it is permitted l'Tzorech Gufo or Mekomo. Beis Meir agrees.

4.

Rema (ibid.): However, l'Tzorech Gufo u'Mkomo it is permitted.

i.

Gra (DH Mihu): Hagahos Ashri says that from the sun to the shade is forbidden even according to the Rif, which is the first opinion in the Shulchan Aruch.

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