NIDAH 2 (2 Sivan) - This Daf has been dedicated in memory of Harry Bernard Zuckerman, Baruch Hersh ben Yitzchak (and Miryam Toba), by his children and sons-in-law.

1)

THE DECREE OF RETROACTIVE TUM'AH (Yerushalmi Perek 1 Halachah 1 Daf 1a)

[ãó à òîåã à] îúðé' ùîàé àåîø ëì äðùéí ãééï ùòúï

(a)

(Mishnah - Shamai): (Once blood leaves a woman's Makor, i.e. her source of menstrual blood, and enters the Beis ha'Chitzon (outside the Makor, but still inside her body), she is Teme'ah.) If any woman sees that she became a Nidah (through a Bedikah, or blood left her body), Dayah Shaitah. (She is Teme'ah from now and onwards, but not retroactively);

äìì àåîø îô÷éãä ìô÷éãä àôéìå ìéîéí äøáä

(b)

Hillel says, she is retroactively Teme'ah from her last Bedikah (when she checked her Beis ha'Chitzon and did not find blood) even if it was many days [earlier].

åçëîéí àåîøéí ìà ëãáøé æä åìà ëãáøé æä àìà îòú ìòú îîòèú òì éã îô÷éãä ìô÷éãä åîô÷éãä ìô÷éãä îîòèú òì éã îòú ìòú

(c)

Chachamim say, it is not like [Shamai] and not like [Hillel]. Rather, 24 hours reduce [retroactive Tum'ah] from the time of her last Bedikah (if it was more than 24 hours ago), and her last Bedikah (if it was in the last 24 hours) reduces from 24 hours.

ëì àùä ùéù ìä ååñú ãééä ùòúä

(d)

Any woman who has a Veses (regular period when she becomes a Nidah), Dayah Shaitah.

åäîùîùú áòãéí äøé æå ëô÷éãä äîîòèú òì éã îòú ìòú åòì éã îô÷éãä ìô÷éãä:

(e)

If (Mishnah): A woman who has relations with Edim (she checks herself before and after relations), this is like a Bedikah. It reduces [retroactive Tum'ah] from 24 hours and from the last Bedikah.

âî' îäå ãééï ùòúï ùàéðï îèîàåú èäøåú ìîôøò:

(f)

(Gemara): What is Dayah Shaitah? She is not Metamei Taharos retroactively.

åçëîéí àåîøé' ìà ëãáøé æä åìà ëãáøé æä. ìà ëùîàé ùìà ðúï ñééâ ìãáøéå åìà ëäìì ùäôìéâ òì îãåúéå

(g)

Chachamim say, it is not like this one and not like this one. It is not like Shamai, who did not give a fence for his words, and not like Hillel, who was too extreme;

àìà îòú ìòú îîòèú òì éã îô÷éãä ìô÷éãä åîô÷éãä ìô÷éãä îîòèú òì éã îòú ìòú.

1.

Rather, 24 hours reduce from the time of her last Bedikah, and her last Bedikah reduces from 24 hours.

ëéöã îòú ìòú îîòèú òì éã îô÷éãä ìô÷éãä áã÷ä òöîä áùðé áùáú åøàú áçîéùé áùáú àéï èîà àìà òã îòú ìòú ãàøáòúà.

(h)

How do 24 hours reduce from the time of her last Bedikah? If she checked herself on Monday and saw [blood] on Thursday, [Taharos that she touched] are Tamei only from 24 hours ago, on Wednesday;

ëéöã îô÷éãä ìô÷éãä îîòèú òì éã îòú ìòú áã÷ä áùçøéú åøàú áîðçä àéï èîà àìà òã ùçøéú.

(i)

How does her last Bedikah reduce from 24 hours? If she checked herself in the morning and saw in the afternoon, Taharos that she touched] are Tamei only from the morning.

úîï úðéðï äùøõ ùðîöà áîáåé îèîà ìîôøò

(j)

(Mishnah): If a Sheretz was found in a Mavuy, [all Taharos that were made there] are retroactively Teme'im.

øáé àîé áòé îúðéúà ãìà ëùîàé

(k)

Question (R. Ami): Is our Mishnah unlike Shamai?

àîø øáé éåñé àéï ìéú äåà ëùîàé

(l)

Answer #1 (R. Yosi): Yes, it is unlike Shamai.

àôéìå ëäìì ìéú äéà åìà îåãä äìì áîáåé ùäåà îúëáã åùèó ùì âùîéí òåáø áå ùäåà èäåø.

(m)

Objection: [If you compare a woman to a Mavuy,] it is not even like Hillel! Doesn't Hillel agree about a Mavuy that is swept or a stream of rain passes through, that [retroactively] it is Tahor?! (A Sheretz would have been swept or washed away.)

ùîàé àåîø äãà àùä òì éãé ùäéà øâéìä áîé øâìéí òùå àåúä ëîáåé ùäåà îúëáã åùèó ùì âùîéí òåáø áå åäåà èäåø.

(n)

Answer #2: Shamai says, since, a woman regularly urinates, we considered her like a Mavuy that is swept or a stream of rain passes through, that it is Tahor [retroactively].

òã ëãåï áùáã÷ä åîöúä ðâåá [ãó à òîåã á] áã÷ä åîöúä èäåø øáé àîé áùí øá øáé áà áùí øá éäåãä áã÷ä åîöúä èäåø àñåøä ìáéúä òã ùéúðâá îòééðä

(o)

[Our Mishnah says that a Bedikah limits retroactive Tum'ah] only when she checked and found it dry. If she checked and found [an appearance that is] Tahor, R. Ami says in the name of R. Ba in the name of Rav Yehudah, if she checked and found that she is Tahor, she is forbidden until her Mayan (source of blood) dries up [lest Tamei appearances come out].

çã øáé èåáé àîø áùí øáé àáäå àñåøä ìáéúä òã îòú ìòú

(p)

Rav Tuvi said in the name of R. Avahu, she is forbidden to her husband for 24 hours.

àîø øáé éò÷á áø àçà ëã ñìé÷éú ìäëà ùîòéúä îï ëì øáðï îåúøú ìáéúä îéã.

(q)

(R. Yakov bar Acha): When I came here [to Eretz Yisrael], I heard from all the Rabanan that she is permitted to her husband immediately.

äååï áòéé îéîø îàï ãîø îåúøú ìáéúä îô÷éãä äåà ìîòè îòú ìòú åîàï ãîø àñåøä ìáéúä àéðä ëô÷éãä ìîòè îòú ìòú

(r)

Suggestion: The one who says that she is permitted to her husband [immediately, a Tahor appearance] is like a Bedikah to reduce from 24 hours. The one who forbids to her husband holds that it is not like a Bedikah to reduce from 24 hours.

åàôéìå ëîàï ãîø àñåøä ìáéúä ëô÷éãä äéà ìîòè îòú ìòú åìîä äéà àñåøä ìáéúä ùîúåê ùäéà îúøâìú áãîéí èäåøéï äéà îúøâìú áãîéí èîàéï.

(s)

Rejection: Even the one who forbids to her husband holds that it is like a Bedikah to reduce from 24 hours. Why is she forbidden to her husband? Since she regularly sees Tahor blood, she regularly (i.e. we are concerned lest she) see Tamei blood.

áã÷ä åîöúä ñô÷ ôùéèà àéðä ëô÷éãä ìîòè îòú ìòú äåà òöîå îäå ùéèîà áñô÷

(t)

Question: If she checked and found a Safek, obviously it is not like a Bedikah to reduce from 24 hours. Is it Metamei [retroactively] due to Safek?

ðéùîòéðä îï äãà èåîèåí åàðãøåâéðñ ùøàå ãééï ùòúï

(u)

Answer: We learn from the following [Tosefta]. If a Tumtum or Androginus saw [blood], Dayah Shaitah.

îä àú ùîò îéðä

1.

Question: How do we learn from this?

à"ø éåñé èåîèåí åàðãøåâéðñ ñô÷ åîòú ìòú ñô÷ åàéï ñô÷ ìñô÷ åëà øàééúä ñô÷ åîòú ìòú ñô÷ åàéï ñô÷ ìñô÷.

2.

Answer (R. Yosi): A Tumtum or Androginus is a Safek (perhaps he is a male, and his blood is Tahor), and 24 hours is a Safek. We are not concerned for a Safek about a Safek. Also here, her sighting is (i.e. she checked and found) a Safek, and 24 hours is a Safek. We are not concerned for a Safek about a Safek.