D.A.F.'s Moadim section

MULTIPLE TRAGEDIES

1) Measure for Measure -

What is the common factor among the five events of 17 Tamuz? How were the last four events on this list, including the breaching of the walls of Yerushalayim, punishment measure-for-measure for what brought about the first event - the Golden Calf?

1. Parasha-Page for Tisha bAv 5755

2. Yerushalmi for Ta'anis 28:2:g:1:i

3. Discussion for Ta'anis 28:3

2) Reason -

Why did so many tragedies befall us on the same dates? Are some days simply less auspicious than others?

1. Parasha-Page for Tisha bAv 5755 section I

2. Yosef Da'as to Ta'anis 30:p3, ד"ה ומפליא

3) Chronology -

At what stages of history did these five events occur on 17 Tamuz?

1. Discussion for Ta'anis 26:8

4) Why not a Tish'ah b'Av? -

Seeing as just as many tragedies occurred on the 17th of Tamuz as on the 9th of Av (Mishnah Ta'anis 4:6), why didn't the Sages institute it as a strict fast-day as well?

1. Yerushalmi for Ta'anis 29:1:h, til k

2. Tosfos to Rosh Hashanah 18:5

3. Halachah for Ta'anis 28:1:a:11

BREAKING THE LUCHOS

5) -

Why did Moshe break the Luchos?

1. Yerushalmi for Ta'anis 28:2:e:1

2. Yerushalmi for Ta'anis 28:2:g:1

CESSATION OF THE TAMID

6) -

How did it happen that the Korban Tamid was halted?

1. Yerushalmi for Ta'anis 28:3:c

BREACH OF THE WALLS OF YERUSHALAYIM

7) In the First Churban -

On what date was the wall of Yerushalayim breached prior to the First Churban? Why do we observe the fast on the 17th of the month?

1. Halachah for Ta'anis 28:1:c:2:i, til iv.

2. Parasha-Page for Tisha bAv 5758 section III, (a)

3. Tosfos to Rosh Hashanah 18:6

4. Yosef Da'as to Ta'anis 28:p2, ד"ה הובקעה העיר

THE IDOL IN THE HEICHAL

8) It Left a Note -

What was found written on the idol that was placed in the Heichal?

1. Tosfos to Ta'anis 28:8

9) Made by Whom? -

Who made the idol in question?

1. Yerushalmi for Ta'anis 29:1:e, til g.

משנה תענית ד:ו	Mishnah Ta'anis 4:6
חמשה דברים אירעו את אבותינו בשבעה עשר בתמוז וחמשה בתשעה באב בשבעה עשר בתמוז נשתברו הלוחות ובטל התמיד והובקעה העיר ושרף אפוסטמוס את התורה והעמיד צלם בהיכל.	Five events occurred to our forefathers on the 17th of Tamuz... The Luchos were shattered, the Korban Tamid ceased, the city [of Yerushalayim] was breached, Apostamus burned the Torah, and he erected an idol in the Sanctuary.

תלמוד בבלי מסכת תענית כח: -כט.	Ta'anis 28b-29a
העמיד צלם בהיכל מנלן? דכתיב וּמֵעֵת הוּסַר הַתָּמִיד וְלָתֵת שִׁקּוּץ שֹׁמֵם (דניאל יב:יא) וחד הוה והכתיב וְעַל כְּנַף שִׁקּוּצִים מְשֹׁמֵם (שם ט:כז)? אמר רבא תרי הוו ונפל חד על חבריה ותבריה ליה לידיה ואשתכח דהוה כתיב, אנת צבית לחרובי ביתא ידך אשלימת ליה.	That an idol was placed in the Heichal on the 17th of Tamuz, is known from a Pasuk [that compares "the abomination" to "the removal of the Tamid"]. But another Pasuk refers to two abominations? Rava says, Two were placed there, and one fell and broke the other's hand. It was found inscribed thereon, "You wished to destroy the Beis Hamikdash? Your hand have I paid unto Him."

שולחן ערוך או"ח תקמט:ב	Shulchan Aruch OC Siman 549:2
אף על גב דכתיב בקרא: בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָרְבִיעִי בְּתִשְׁעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ הוּבְקְעָה הָעִיר (ירמיהו לט:ב), אין מתענין בט' בו אלא בי"ז, מפני שאף על פי שבראשונה הובקעה בט' בו, כיון שבשניה הובקעה בי"ז בו, תיקנו להתענות בי"ז בו משום דחורבן בית שני חמיר לן.	Although it is stated "On the ninth day of the fourth month (Tamuz), the city was breached" (Yirmeyah 39:2), we do not fast on the 9th of Tamuz, but rather on the 17th. Although in the first Churban the city was breached on the 9th, because in the second it was breached on the 17th the fast was instituted that day, because the second Churban is more severe from our perspective.

משנה ברורה סימן תקמט ס"ק ד	Mishnah Berurah (4)
(ד) בט' - ולא רצו לגזור גם בט', דאין מטריחין על הצבור יותר מדאי:	And they did not wish to enact a fast on the 9th of Tamuz as well, because we do not cause excessive burden upon the public.