1)

MISCARRIAGES OF NON-HUMAN FORMS (Yerushalmi Perek 3 Halachah 2 Daf 9b)

[ãó è òîåã á] îúðé' äîôìú ëîéï ÷ìéôä ëîéï ùòøä ëîéï òôø ëîéï éáçåùéï àãåîéï úèéì ìîéí àí ðîçå èîàä

(a)

(Mishnah): If one was Mapeles k'Min (something resembling) a scab, hair, earth or red mosquitoes (Aruch - worms), she casts it into water. If they dissolve, she is Tamei.

äîôìú ëîéï ãâéí çâáéí ù÷öéí åøîùéí àí éù òîäï ãí èîàä åàí ìàå èäåøä

(b)

If one was Mapeles k'Min fish, grasshoppers, Shekatzim or Remashim (insects or swarming creatures) -- if blood came out with them, she is Teme'ah. If not, she is Tehorah.

äîôìú ëîéï áäîä çéä åòåó áéï èîàéï áéï èäåøéï àí æëø úùá ìæëø àí ð÷éáä úùá ìð÷éáä àéï éãåò úùá ìæëø åìð÷éáä ãáøé ø"î

(c)

R. Meir says, if she was Mapeles k'Min a Behemah, Chayah or bird, whether Tamei or Tahor - if it is male, she sits (observes Tum'as Yoledes) Zachar; if it is female, she sits (for Yoledes) Nekevah. If we do not know the gender, she sits for (adopts the stringencies of Yoledes) Zachar and Nekevah.

åçëîéí àåîøéí ëì ùàéï áå îöåøú äàãí àéðå ååìã:

(d)

Chachamim say, non-human forms are not considered children. (She is not a Yoledes.)

âî' øáé çðéðä áùí ø"ù áï ì÷éù úèéì ìôåùøéï

(e)

(Gemara - R. Chaninah citing Reish Lakish): [In the Reisha,] she casts it in warm water.

åäúðéðï äîôìú ëîéï ãâéí åçâáéí ù÷öéí åøîùéí àí éù òîäï ãí èîàä åàí ìàå èäåøä

(f)

Question (Mishnah): If one was Mapeles k'Min fish, grasshoppers, Shekatzim or Remashim, if blood came out with them, she is Teme'ah. If not, she is Tehorah.

åúèéì ìôåùøéï

1.

She should cast it into warm water!

äãà éìôä îï ääéà åääéà éìôä îï äãà

(g)

Answer: This (the Reisha) is learned from that (the Seifa), and that is learned from this;

äãà éìôä îï ääéà ùàí ðîçå èîéàä åàí ìàå èäåøä

1.

This is learned from that - if they dissolve, she is Tamei. If not, she is Tahor. (Our Mishnah did not explicitly discuss if they do not dissolve.)

åääéà éìôä îï äãà ùàí éù òîäï ãí èîéàä åàí ìàå èäåøä åúèéì ìôåùøéï.

2.

And that is learned from this - if there is blood with them, she is Tamei. If not, she is Tahor, [but] she casts them into warm water (and if they dissolve, she is Tamei).

úîï úðéðï åëîä äåà ùøééúï áôåùøéï îòú ìòú

(h)

(Mishnah): (A dry Sheretz or Neveilah is Metamei only if it can soak and return to like it was.) How long must it soak in warm water (and not return, in order to rule that it is Tahor)? It is me'Es la'Es.

éäåãä áï ð÷åñä àåîø öøéëéï ùéäå ôåùøéï îòú ìòú ëéöã äåà òåùä ðåúðï áøîõ àå ðåúï ìúåëï çîéï ëì (ùäï - ðøàä ùö"ì ùòä)

(i)

Yehudah ben Nekusah says, the water must be warm for [the entire] me'Es la'Es. How does he do this? He puts [the Kli that contains the water] in hot coals, or he constantly adds hot water.

äîôìú ãí éáù øáé ìòæø àåîø èîéàä øáé éåñé áï çðéðä àîø èäåøä

(j)

If one was Mapeles dry blood, R. Lazar says, she is Tamei. R. Yosi ben Chaninah says, she is Tahor.

îúðéúà ôìéâà òì ø' éåñé áï çðéðä ãí äðéãä åáùø äîú îèîàéï ìçéï åîèîàéï éáéùéï

(k)

Question: A Mishnah argues with R. Yosi ben Chaninah! [It says that] Dam Nidah and dead flesh are Metamei whether they are moist or dry!

ôúø ìä áùäéå ìçéï åéáùå.

(l)

Answer: He explains that this is when they were moist, and dried.

îúðéúà ôìéâà òì øáé ìòæø äîôìú ëîéï (çúéëä) [ö"ì ÷ìéôä - ìçí åùîìä, ùîìä éå"ã ÷ôç:ç] ëîéï ùòøä ëîéï òôø ëîéï éáçåùéï àãåîéï úèéì ìîéí åàí ðîçå èîéàä

(m)

Question: Our Mishnah argues with R. Lazar! [It says that] if one was Mapeles k'Min a scab, hair, earth or red mosquitoes, she casts it into water. If they dissolve, she is Tamei (but if not, she is Tahor)!

ôúø ìä îùí áøééä

(n)

Answer: He explains that this is because it is considered a creation (it is not Dam Nidah).

àîø øáé æòéøà åàôéìå úúéá òôø òôø îùí áéøééä

(o)

(R. Ze'ira): Even if you will ask from earth, earth is a creation.

àîø øáé áà åàôéìå úéîø òôø òôø àéúúà òáøú å÷îú îùí áéøééä.

(p)

(R. Ba): Even if you will ask from earth, a woman can become pregnant with earth; it gets the status of a creation.

îúðéúà ôìéâà òì øáé éåñé áï çðéðä îòùä áàùä àçú ùäéúä îôìú ëîéï ÷ìéôéï àãåîåú åáà îòùä ìôðé çëîéí åùìçå å÷øàå ìøåôàéï åàîøå ìäï îëä éù ìä îáôðéí

(q)

Question: A Beraisa argues with R. Yosi ben Chaninah! A case occurred in which a woman was Mapeles k'Min red scabs, and the case came in front of Chachamim. They sent and called doctors, and [the doctors] said that she has a wound inside;

ùåá îòùä áàùä àçú ùäéúä îùøú ëîéï ùòøåú àãåîåú åáà îòùä ìôðé çëîéí åùìçå å÷øàå ìøåôàéï åàîøå ìäï ùåîà éù ìä îáôðéí

1.

There was another case of a woman that fell from her [Ervah] k'Min red hairs, and the case came in front of Chachamim. They sent and called doctors, and [the doctors] said that she has a wart inside;

îôðé ùéù áä ùåîà åîôðé ùéù áä îëä äà àéï áä ùåîà åàéï áä îëä ìà áãà.

2.

Inference: [They were Metaher] because she has a wart, and because she has a wound - but if she did not have a wart or wound, no (she would be Tamei)!

ôìéâéï òìéä åìéú ìä ÷éåí.

(r)

Conclusion: These [episodes] are unlike [R. Yosi ben Chaninah]. We cannot resolve [his opinion with them].

à"ø éåçðï äìéãä äæàú ëëì äìéãåú ùáúåøä îä äìéãåú ùáúåøä òã ùéöà øàùå åøåáå åæå òã ùéöà øàùå åøåáå

(s)

(R. Yochanan): This birth (k'Min a Behemah, Chayah or bird, but the face is human - R. Meir is Metamei) is like all births in the Torah. Just like all births in the Torah, until Rosho v'Rubo (the head or majority of the body) leave, also this (is not born) until Rosho v'Rubo leave;

ø"ù áï ì÷éù àîø îùåðä äéà äìéãä äæàú îëì äìéãåú ùáúåøä ëì äìéãåú ùáúåøä òã ùéöà øàùå åøåáå åæå òã ùúöà äëøú ôðéå

(t)

(Reish Lakish): This birth is unlike all births in the Torah. All births in the Torah, are not until Rosho v'Rubo leave. This one (since Tum'ah depends on a human face) is until enough leaves in order to recognize the face.

[ãó é òîåã à] îä ðôé÷ îáéðéäåï

(u)

Question: What is the difference between them?

éöà îçåúê àå îñåøñ òì ãòúéä ãøáé éåçðï òã ùéöà øàùå åøåáå òì ãòúéä ãøáé ùîòåï áï ì÷éù òã ùúöà äëøú ôðéå:

(v)

Answer: If it left cut up or out of order (the head last) - according to R. Yochanan, it is not born until the head or majority of the body leave. According to Reish Lakish, it is not born until enough leaves to recognize the face.