1)

(a)The Mishnah discusses date-honey and vinegar from Sitvani'os - (hard grapes that one leaves on the trees throughout the winter season, and which one uses to produce vinegar.

(b)According to the Tana Kama, what the two have in common is - the fact that, if someone declared a Neder on the respective fruit, they are not included.

(c)Rebbi Yehudah ben Beseira says - that they are.

2)

(a)The author of the Seifa 'va'Chachamim Matirim', is - Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar ...

(b)... who maintains - that in the case of something which is not eaten, though its extract is (such as Sitvani'os and the vinegar that is extracted from them), someone who declares a Neder on the fruit has in mind only the extract but not the fruit itself; whereas when both are eaten (such as dates and date-honey), he has in mind both (the fruit and its extract), irrespective of whether he declared a Neder on the fruit or on its extract.

(c)

1. ... The Tana Kama of our Mishnah argues with him in two points, inasmuch as - according to him, when both the fruit and its extract are eaten, the latter is permitted, and the same applies when the fruit is not eaten, but its extract, is.

2. ... Rebbi Yehudah ben Beseira agrees with Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar when both the fruit and its extract are eaten, but disagrees with him when the fruit is not eaten - because unlike Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar, he forbids the fruit too.

3)

(a)What cider, sunflower-oil and vinegar from Sitvani'os have in common is - that, as far as Nedarim is concerned, they are all not included in the fruit from which they are extracted.

(b)Kerisin and Kaplutos (different species of leek) are considered two species as regards Nedarim - and the same applies to Yerakos (vegetables that grow in a garden) and Yarkos ha'Sadeh.

(c)The reason for all of these is - because any species which requires a descriptive title to define it, is not considered the same species as the 'father species', which does not.

(d)A Neder on oil (Stam) in Eretz Yisrael includes olive-oil but not sunflower-oil. The equivalent Din in Bavel - is exactly the opposite.

4)

(a)In a place where both olive-oil and sunflower-oil are used, a Neder on oil will incorporate both - even if one tends to use more of the one than of the other.

(b)In fact, we are uncertain whether the Noder had in mind the minority species or not - so we follow the principle, 'Safek Isura l'Chumra'.

(c)We learned in our Mishnah that a Neder forbidding vegetables includes garden vegetables, but not those that grow in the fields. In the Shemitah year the opposite is true - because it is obvious that, in the Shemitah year, the Noder had in mind only vegetables that are not cultivated (since it is forbidden to cultivate them anyway).

(d)According to Rebbi Avahu Amar Rebbi Chanina ben Gamliel, this is not always the case. Both in fact, are forbidden - there where cultivated vegetables are imported from other countries.

5)

(a)In spite of the fact that 'vegetables' do not incorporate 'field- vegetables' (because they have an accompanying name), a Neder forbidding wine will not preclude boiled wine - because regular wine and boiled wine are one and the same species, whereas 'vegetables' and 'field- vegetables' are not.

6)

(a)We learned earlier that, according to Rebbi Chanina ben Gamliel, where it is customary to bring vegetables from Chutz la'Aretz to Eretz Yisrael, garden vegetables too, are forbidden in the Shemitah. The Tana Kama in a Beraisa - forbids the import of vegetables from Chutz la'Aretz to Eretz Yisrael ...

(b)... because - they might come with some earth still attached, and Chazal decreed Tum'ah on the earth of Chutz la'Aretz.

7)

(a)Ispargus is a kind of cabbage soaked in wine. The Mishnah rules that someone who made a Neder forbidding ...

1. ... cabbage - is forbidden to eat Ispargus.

2. ... Ispargus - is permitted to eat cabbage.

(b)According to the Tana Kama, a Neder forbidding beans, incorporates a Mikpah (a bean-stew to which garlic has been added). According to Rebbi Yosi - it does not.

(c)The Tana Kama rules that someone who made a Neder not to eat Mikpah - is permitted to eat beans.

8)

(a)The Tana Kama rules that someone who made a Neder forbidding ...

1. ... a garlic-stew - is forbidden to eat plain garlic.

2. ... plain garlic - is permitted to eat garlic stew.

(b)Rebbi Yosi is lenient in the earlier case (like he was in the previous ruling).

(c)In similar vein, the Tana Kama considers 'Ashishim' to be a kind of lentil regarding Neder, but not vice-versa. Rebbi Yosi - considers them to be two independent commodities.

9)

(a)If someone says ...

1. ... 'Chitah Chitin she'Ani/Eini To'em' - he is forbidden to eat both wheat-bread and wheat-flour.

2. ... 'Gris Grisin she'Ani/Eini To'em' - he is forbidden to eat both raw and cooked beans.

(b)Rebbi Yehudah permits someone who declares 'Konam... Chitah she'Ani/Eini To'em' to chew wheat-kernels, but not to eat bread - because Chitah implies one individual kernel, incorporating bread, which comprises one entity; whereas people do not tend to chew only one kernel of wheat.

(c)Raban Shimon ben Gamliel agrees with Rebbi Yehudah. In a case where the Noder said 'Konam Chitin she'Ani/Eini To'em' - he permits bread but forbids chewing wheat kernels (using the reverse logic that we applied earlier).

(d)In a case when someone says ...

1. ... 'Gris she'Ani/Eini To'em' - he forbids the Noder to cook beans, but permits him to chew them raw.

2. ... 'Grisin she'Ani/Eini To'em' - he forbids chewing them, but permits cooking them.

3. ... 'Gris Grisin she'Ani/'Eini To'em' - he forbids both.