[77a- 45 lines; 77b - 28 lines]
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We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any other important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Gemara, Rashi and Tosfos.
[1] Gemara 77b [line 4]:
"Sulam ha'Mitzri Eino Mema'et, veha'Tzori Mema'et" סולם המצרי אינו ממעט והצורי ממעט
The colons before and after these words are probably a printer's error. These words may be either the continuation of the statement of Rav Yechiel or the words of a Beraisa. The Yerusalmi (7:1) cites a Beraisa which states "ba'Kol Mema'atin... uv'Sulam Mitzri, v'Hu she'Kav'o" בכל ממעטין... ובסולם מצרי והוא שקבעו.
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1)[line 1]אלו מעלין מכאן ואוכליןEILU MA'ALIN MIKAN V'OCHLIN...- Rebbi Yochanan maintains that if the wall is less than four Tefachim wide it is a Makom Petur, and therefore Batul to both Chatzeros. Either Chatzer may lift food up to the wall and eat it there, or lower food from the wall into the Chatzer.
2)[line 10]לכתףL'KATEF- to rearrange the burden on his shoulder
3)[line 10]ובלבד שלא יחליפוU'VILVAD SHE'LO YACHLIFU- as long as he does not use the Makom Petur as a way-station to transfer from a Reshus ha'Yachid to a Reshus ha'Rabim or vice versa
4a)[line 11]ברשויות דאורייתאRESHUYOS D'ORAISA- from a Reshus ha'Yachid to a Reshus ha'Rabim or vice versa
b)[line 12]ברשויות דרבנןRESHUYOS D'RABANAN- from a Reshus ha'Yachid to a Reshus ha'Yachid
5)[line 16]וצידו אחד שוה לארץV'TZIDO ECHAD SHAVEH LA'ARETZ- and [the Chatzer] on the other side [is higher, and the wall] is [therefore near] ground level (i.e. within ten Tefachim of the ground)
6)[line 29]דלא בעיתא תשמישתאD'LO BA'ISA TASHMISHTA- (lit. it is not frightening to use) one is not wary of using it (i.e. objects placed within it remain there)
7)[line 30]דבעיתא תשמישתאD'BA'ISA TASHMISHTA- (lit. it is frightening to use) one is wary of using it (i.e. objects placed on it can fall off)
8)[line 31]בא למעטוBA L'MA'ATO- if he comes to lessen [the height of the wall.] The Gemara assumes at this point that he wishes to accomplish this by piling dirt or building a platform etc. at the base of the wall.
9)[line 31]אם יש במיעוטו ארבעהIM YESH B'MI'UTO ARBA'AH- if the height of the wall was reduced at any one point for a length of four Tefachim (thereby creating a Pesach)
10)[line 34]אי אהני מעוטאIY AHANI MI'UTA- if that which he lessened [the height of the wall] is enough [to be considered a Pesach]
11)[line 36]נמי לאNAMI LO- a breach less than four Tefachim should be Batul to the rest of the wall
12)[line 36]חוליאCHULYA- a segment (from the top) of the wall
13)[line 37]כפה ספלKAFAH SEFEL- if he overturned a bowl or basin [at the foot of the wall]
14)[line 39]דחבריה בארעאD'CHAVREI B'AR'A- [the Gemara presently understands Rav Yechiel to be referring to a case] where he attached the Sefel to the ground (by piling up dirt and clods of earth around its sides) (RITVA)
15)[line 41]פגה שהטמינה בתבןPAGAH SHE'HITMINAH B'TEVEN- an unripe fig that was covered with straw that is Muktzah (e.g. that has been set aside for building) before Shabbos in order that it should ripen more quickly
16)[line 41]וחררה שהטמינה בגחליםCHARARAH SHE'HITMINAH B'GECHALIM- a flat cake baked on coals that was covered in coals [before Shabbos, and on Shabbos the coals have already gone out (but are still Muktzah)]
17)[line 43]דאית ליה אוגנייםD'IS LEI OGNAYIM- the bowl or basin has a rim (which is covered with earth, and therefore it is forbidden to move it on Shabbos since doing so would move the earth on the rim which is similar to Chofer [digging])
18a)[last line]הטומןHA'TOMEN- one who buries (for preservation)
b)[last line]הטומןHA'TOMEN- that is, from this Mishnah it is evident that even if the entire radish is covered, it is not considered "Chofer" when one excavates it.
19)[last line]לפתLEFES- a turnip
20)[last line]וצנוןTZENON- a radish
77b----------------------------------------77b
21)[line 1]עליןALIN- its leaves
22)[line 2]כלאיםKIL'AYIM
(a)It is forbidden to plant different types of crops together, as it states in the Torah, "Sadcha Lo Sizra Kil'ayim" — "Do not plant different species (together) in your field." (Vayikra 19:19)
(b)Burying fully-grown turnips and radishes under a grapevine does not fall under the prohibition of Kil'ayim, since this is not considered planting.
23)[line 2]שביעיתSHEVI'IS
(a)The Torah requires that farmers desist from working the land every seventh year, as described in Vayikra 25:1-7. The fruits that grow during the seventh (Shevi'is) year are holy to the extent that:
1.They must be treated as if they have no owner, and anyone may come in to any field and pick the fruit that he intends to eat;
2.The fruits may not be bought and sold in a normal fashion;
3.They must be eaten in the normal way for each fruit.
(b)The Shemitah year is meant to teach the Jewish people that HaSh-m, and only HaSh-m, can be relied upon for sustenance, a fact that is not always clear in the six years during which they work their own fields.
24)[line 3]דבעיD'BA'I- [digging the bowl out] requires
25a)[line 3]מראMARA- (O.F. fossoir) a hoe
b)[line 3]וחצינאCHATZINA- (O.F. doledoire) a carpenter's adze, a type of ax
26)[line 4]סולם המצריSULAM HA'MITZRI- a short ladder which is easily removed
27)[line 6]חווקיםCHAVAKIM- (O.F. eschelons) rungs
28)[line 12]כובדו קובעוKOVDO KOV'O- its weight fixes it in place
29)[line 16]ואין בין זה לזה שלשה טפחיםV'EIN BEIN ZEH L'ZEH SHELOSHAH TEFACHIM- even if the two ladders are not directly opposite each other, they together constitute a Pesach as long as the closer edges are within three Tefachim of each other
30)[line 20]איצטבאITZTEVA- a wooden platform
31)[line 20]אם יש באיצטבא התחתונה ארבעה ממעטIM YESH BA'ITZTEVA HA'TACHTONAH ARBA'AH MEMA'ET- if the bottom platform is high enough that there remain less than ten Tefachim between the top of the wall and the platform over a four-Tefach length, we ignore the top platform and consider that length to be a Pesach
32)[line 22]ואין בין זה לזה שלשה ממעטV'EIN BEIN ZEH L'ZEH SHELOSHAH MEMA'ET- and there are less than three Tefachim between the two platforms, then that four Tefach length is considered a Pesach. If there is more than three Tefachim between them, the two platforms are not considered connected, and the top platform is therefore Halachically not connected to the ground. Such a lessening of the height of the wall in midair is worthless for the purposes of constructing a Pesach.
33)[line 24]סולם ששליבותיו פורחותSULAM SHE'SHELIVOSAV PORCHOS- a ladder made of widely-spaced rungs, as opposed to steps