1)

DOES THE CHIYUV DEPEND ON INTENT? (Yerushalmi Chalah Perek 1 Halachah 5 Daf 8b)

[ãó ç òîåã á] îúðé' ðçúåí ùòùä ùàåø ìçì÷ çééá áçìä

(a)

(Mishnah): A baker who made Se'or (sourdough) to divide, he is obligated in Chalah;

åðùéí ùðúðå ìðçúåí ìòùåú ìäí ùàåø àí àéï áùì àçú îäï ëùéòåø ôèåøä îï äçìä:

(b)

Women who gave [doughs] to a baker to make Se'or - if not one of them has a Shi'ur, it is exempt from Chalah.

òéñú äëìáéí áæîï ùäøåòéí àåëìéï îîðä çééáú áçìä åîòøáéï áä åîùúúôéï áä åîáøëéï òìéä åîæîðéï òìéä åðòùéú áé"è åéåöà áä àãí é"ç áôñç.

(c)

Isas ha'Kelavim (it is normally fed to dogs) - when shepherds eat from it, it is obligated in Chalah, one may be Me'arev [in the Chatzer] with it and make Shituf [in the Mavuy] with it, we bless [ha'Motzii] on it and make a Zimun on it, one may make it on Yom Tov, and one can be Yotzei [Matzah] with it on Pesach;

åàí àéï äøåòéí àåëìéï îîðä àéðä çééáú áçìä åàéï îòøáéï áä åàéï îùúúôéï áä åàéï îáøëéï òìéä [ö"ì äîåöéà - øîá"ï äìëåú çìä ëå:á] åàéï îæîðéï òìéä åàéðä ðòùéú áé"è åàéï àãí éåöà áä éãé çåáúå áôñç.

1.

When shepherds do not eat from it, it is not obligated in Chalah, one may not be Me'arev with it or make Shituf with it, we do not bless ha'Motzi on it or make a Zimun on it, one may not make it on Yom Tov, and one is not Yotzei with it on Pesach.

áéï ëê åáéï ëê îèîà èåîàú àåëìéï:

2.

In both cases it has Tum'as Ochlim.

âî' [ãó éã òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] äîîøéç ëøéå ùì çáéøå ùìà îãòúå øáé éåçðï åø' ùîòåï áï ì÷éù. ø' éåçðï àîø ðèáì ø"ù áï ì÷éù àîø ìà ðèáì.

(d)

(Gemara): One who did Miru'ach on his friend's stack without his Da'as - R. Yochanan and Reish Lakish [argued about this]. R. Yochanan said, it became Tevel (one may not eat it Arai before tithing it), and Reish Lakish said, it did not become Tevel.

îúéá ø' éåçðï ìø"ù áï ì÷éù. åäúðéðï åëï ðùéí ùðúðå ìðçúåí ìòùåú ìäï ùàåø àí àéï áùì àçú îäï ëùéòåø ôèåøä îï äçìä.

(e)

Question (Reish Lakish, to R. Yochanan - Mishnah): And so women who gave [doughs] to a baker to make Se'or for them, if not one of them has a Shi'ur, it is exempt from Chalah.

åàéï áùì ëåìäï ëùéòåø.

1.

Is there not a Shi'ur amidst all of them [together, and even so, it is exempt because he joined them without their Da'as]?!

à"ì ùðééà äéà ùëï äòåùä òéñä òì îðú ìçì÷ä áö÷ ôèåøä îï äçìä.

(f)

Answer (R. Yochanan): There is different, for one who makes a dough with intent to divide it into [smaller] doughs (before baking), it is exempt.

à"ì åäúðéðï ðçúåí ùòùä ùàåø ìçì÷ çééá áçìä.

(g)

Question (Reish Lakish - Mishnah): If a baker made a dough to divide it, it is obligated in Chalah.

à"ì ìà úúéáéðé ðçúåí. ðçúåí ìà áãòúå äãáø úìåé. áãòú äì÷åçåú äãáø úìåé ùîà [ö"ì ìà - äâø"à] éîöà ì÷åçåú åäåà çåæø åòåùä àåúä òéñä.

(h)

Answer (R. Yochanan): Do not challenge me from a baker, for it does not depend on his intent. It depends on the buyer's intent. Perhaps [the baker] will not find a buyer, and he will return to make [one big] dough!

à"ì åäúðéðï çåøé äðîìéí ùìðå áöã äòøéîä çééáú äøé àéìå çééáéï.

(i)

Question (Reish Lakish - Mishnah): [Grain found in] ant-holes that were overnight next to a stack obligated [in Ma'aseros, i.e. after Miru'ach];

äà áöã òøéîä ôèåøä ôèåøéï.

1.

Inference: If they were next to an exempt stack (before Miru'ach), they are exempt! (Ants normally take the grain without the chaff. This Miru'ach does not obligate, because it was without the owner's Da'as!)

à"ø éåðä àîø (ìå - àäáú öéåï åéøåùìí îåç÷å, ò"ô ãôåñ ÷åùèðèéðà) ø' éåñé ø' àáäå áùí øáé éåçðï îùåí éàåù

(j)

Answer #1 (R. Yonah citing R. Yosi citing R. Avahu citing R. Yochanan): [It is exempt] due to despair (it becomes Hefker. However, once it was obligated in Ma'aseros, Hefker does not exempt - MAHARA FULDA, GRA).

[ãó èå òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] ùîåàì áø àáà àîø åäï (ùâãìå) [ö"ì ùâéøøå - ø"ù ñéøéìéå] ùáìéí.

(k)

Answer #2 (Shmuel bar Aba): [It is exempt] when they dragged [whole] sheaves (Miru'ach was not done - R. SHLOMO SIRILIYO, GRA).

îúéá (ø"ù áï ì÷éù ìøáé éåçðï) [ö"ì øáé éåçðï ìø"ù áï ì÷éù - äâø"à] åäúðéðï ä÷ãéùï òã ùìà ðâîø åâîøï äâéæáø åàçø ëê ôãééï ôèåøéï.

(l)

Question (R. Yochanan, against Reish Lakish - Mishnah): If one was Makdish [his Peros] before [final processing], and the Gizbar (overseer of Hekdesh) did Miru'ach, and afterwards [the original owner] redeemed them, they are exempt;

äøé âéæáø ëàçø äåà åàú àîøú îä ùòùä òùåé.

1.

The Gizbar is like someone else (it was without the owner's Da'as), and you say that what he did, he did (it is considered Miru'ach to exempt. Likewise, another's Miru'ach is considered Miru'ach to obligate!)

à"ì úéôúø ëîàï ãàîø âéæáø ëáòìéí. åãìà ëøáé éåñé ãøáé éåñé àîø äåà âéæáø äåà àçø.

(m)

Answer (Reish Lakish): This is like the opinion that the Gizbar is like the owner, and unlike R. Yosi, for R. Yosi says, the Gizbar is like someone else.

ø' çððéä çáøåï ãøáðéï áòé åàôéìå éù áùì àçú îäï ëùéòåø éòùä ëãáø ùìà ðâîøä îìàëúï åéäà ôèåø îï äçìä.

(n)

Question (R. Chananyah, the colleague of Rabanan): (Our Mishnah said that if women gave to a baker... if not one of them has a Shi'ur of Chalah, it is exempt.) Even if there is a Shi'ur, [since he will divide it], it should be like something without final processing, and it should be exempt from Chalah!

ãà"ø éåñé áùí øáé æòéøà øáé éåðä øáé æòéøà áùí øáé ìòæø àó áîä ùáìâéï ìà ðèáì. îôðé ùäåà òúéã ìäçæéø ìãáø ùìà ðâîøä îìàëúå:

1.

(R. Yosi citing R. Ze'ira, and R. Yonah citing R. Ze'ira citing R. Lazar): [If one took from the winepress in a flask to drink,] even what is in the flask is not Tevel, for he will return [the wine remaining after he drinks] to something without final processing!