(Mishnah): If an apple [of Terumah] was minced and put in a dough and fermented it, it is forbidden [to Zarim].

(Beraisa - R. Yosi): It is permitted.

(R. Acha citing R. Avahu citing R. Yosi ben Chanina): What do they argue about? Fermenting with its juice, but if they fermented with it itself, all permit (for it harms the taste - GRA).

R. Yosi holds like he taught elsewhere. (In Shabbos 3:3, the Mishnah forbids to put an egg near a kettle in order to roast, and to wrap it in hot garments, and R. Yosi permits.) Just like [he permits there because] he says that it is not a properly cooked Tavshil, so he permits here [to Zarim, because] it is not proper fermentation.

Just like you say that nothing comes to Matzah or Chametz other than the five species, similarly, nothing is Gorer (if it is in a dough with other matters, it causes the entire dough to be obligated in Chalah) with all of them other than wheat and barley (only these cause other species mixed with them to ferment - HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA).

(R. Heila citing Reish Lakish): We learned [Greirah] only for one who makes a dough from wheat and rice, and [even rice] is Nigrar only with wheat (but not with barley).

Question: Is one liable for its bread (a mixture of wheat and rice) due to Chadash?

Answer (R. Ze'ira): It says "v'Lechem v'Kali v'Charmel Lo Sochlu" - what we are liable for its Kali (parched grain) due to Chadash, we are liable for its bread due to Chadash. What we are not liable for its Kali due to Chadash, we are not liable for its bread due to Chadash. (Kali does not apply to wheat and rice together. Surely one is not liable for rice alone. Therefore, one is not liable for bread of rice, even if it is mixed with wheat. We explained this based on GILYONEI HA'SHAS.)

Question (R. Yirmeyah, to R. Ze'ira): If one mixed (kneaded a dough of) four Reva'im by itself and fermented them, and four Reva'im by itself, and mixed [the doughs, what is the law? The Shi'ur to be obligate is more than five Reva'im.]

At the time [when there is a Shi'ur] of Chiyuv, [part of the Shi'ur] is not proper to come to Matzah or Chametz! (We explained this like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)

Answer (R. Ze'ira): Their species is called bread. (We are not adamant that it can come to Matzah or Chametz.)

R. Yirmeyah holds like R. Yonah, and R. Ze'ira holds like R. Yosi. (Just like above, R. Yonah learned Chiyuv Chalah from Pesach, i.e. what can come to Matzah or Chametz, so R. Yirmeyah thought that it depends on what can come to Matzah or Chametz. Just like R. Yosi learned Chiyuv Chalah from what is called bread, so R. Ze'ira answered. We explained this like GRA.)

R. Yosi [who learned Chiyuv Chalah from what is called bread] holds like R. Heila (who said that rice joins only with wheat. If it depended on coming to Matzah or Chametz, rice would join even with barley!) even though he argues with him. (Below (3:5), they argue; R. Yosi holds that rice joins even with barley. We explained this like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)

R. Shmuel bar Nachman learns all of [the species that are called bread] from this verse - "v'Sam Chitah Sorah u'Se'orah Nisman v'Chusemes Gevulaso";

"V'Sam Chitah" refers to wheat. Sorah is oats. Why is it called Sorah? It is because it is made (grows on the stalk) like a row (where one ends, the next begins - MAHARA FULDA).

Se'orah is barley. Nisman is rye. (ALEI TAMAR - it is most marked. Perhaps its sheave is biggest of all the grains.) Chusemes is spelt. Gevulaso - until here (these five species) are the limit of [what is obligated in] Chalah.

Question: Do we learn [Halachos] from [Nevi'im, i.e. Divrei] Kabalah?!

Answer (R. Simon): Since [the next verse] says "va'Yisro la'Mishpat Elokav Yorenu" [this teaches that we may learn Halachah from here] as if it were Devar Torah.

(R. Simon): These women who say 'we will not bring our sons to the Beis ha'Keneses [to learn] - if he is proper to learn, he will learn', they do improperly. Rather, "va'Yisro la'Mishpat Elokav Yorenu" (one must chastise him, and then Hash-m will teach him to learn. L'CHAYIM BI'YERUSHALAYIM (R. Chaim Palagi) - these are wives of Chachamim. They think that they merit the world to come through waiting for their husbands to return from learning, or through bringing their sons to learn. They err; both are needed.)