ERCHIN 15 (28 Sivan) - dedicated to the memory of Hagaon Rav Yisroel Zev (ben Rav Avrohom Tzvi) Gustman, ZT'L, Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivas Netzach Yisrael-Ramailes (in Vilna, Brooklyn, and then Yerushalayim), author of Kuntresei Shi'urim, and renowned Dayan in pre-war and post-war Vilna, in honor of his Yahrzeit (28 Sivan). Dedicated by Talmidim who merited to study under him in Yerushalayim: Harav Eliezer Stern of Brooklyn NY, Rav Avraham Feldman, Rav Mordecai Kornfeld, Yechiel Wachtel, Michoel Starr and Dr. Yehoshua Daniel of Yerushalayim

1)

TOSFOS DH HAVI L'HU SH'NEI KESUVIN HA'BA'IN K'ECHAD

úåñ' ã"ä äåå ìäå ùðé ëúåáéï äáàéï ëàçã

(Summary: Tosfos clarifies how that is.)

åà"ú, îä òðéï æä ì'ùðé ëúåáéï äáàéï ëàçã ... '?

(a)

Question: What has this to do with 'Sh'nei Kesuvim ha'Ba'in ke'Echad'?

ëéåï ãâáé ùãä î÷ðä àéëà â"ù ìîéìó çåîù îùãä àçåæä, åâáé î÷ãéù áéú ìéëà â"ù?

1.

Question (cont.): Seeing as by Sadeh Mikneh there is a Gezeirah Shavah to learn a fifth from Sadeh Achuzah, whereas by Makdish there is not (See Avodah Berurah)?

åùîà äëà ãëúéá "åäòøéê" âáé î÷ãéù áéú ëîàï ãëúéá "åçùá" ãîé .

(b)

Answer #1: Perhaps here, where the Pasuk writes "ve'He'erich" by Makdish, it is as if it had written "ve'Chishav".

àå ùîà é"ì "åçùá" àéï æå â"ù âîåøä, àò"â ã÷øé ìéä äñôø â"ù ...

(c)

Answer #2: Or perhaps one can say that "ve'Chishav" is not a proper Gezeirah Shavah, even though the Gemara refers to it as such ...

åä"ð àùëçï áô"÷ ãá"÷ (ãó å:) âáé 'ðàîø "ùãä" ìîòìä åðàîø "ùãä" ìîèä' -÷øé ìéä äúí â"ù, åàåø"é ãàéðå â"ù âîåøä.

1.

Precedent: As we find in the first Perek of Bava Kama (Daf 6b) where, in connection with 'It says "Sadeh" earlier and it says "Sadeh" later' - although it calls it a Gezeirah Shavah, the Ri explains thas it is not a proper Gezeirah Shavah.

àå ùîà é"ì îùåí ãëúéá "÷åãù" âáé î÷ãéù ùãä àçåæä åëúéá ðîé "÷åãù" [âáé] î÷ãéù áéú- å"÷åãù" "÷åãù" â"ù âîåøä äéà...

(d)

Answer #3: Or perhaps one can answer because it says "Kodesh" by Makdish Sadeh Achuzah and it writes "Kodesh" by Makdish Bayis- and "Kodesh" "Kodesh" is a genuine Gezeirah Shavah ...

îù"ä ÷øé ìéä 'á' ëúåáéï äáàéí ëàçã.'

(e)

Conclusion: That explains why the Gemara refers to it as 'Sh'nei Kesuvim ha'Ba'in ke'Echad'.

2)

TOSFOS DH BOSHES HA'KOL L'FI HA'MEVAYESH V'HA'MISBAYESH

úåñ' ã"ä áåùú äëì ìôé äîáééù åäîúáééù

(Summary: Tosfos defines 'P'gam'.)

åôâí îôøù áëúåáåú (ãó î:) 'àåîãéí ëîä àãí øåöä ìéúï áùôçä áúåìä éåúø îáòåìä ìäùéàä ìòáãå ùòùä ìå ÷åøú øåç.

(a)

Clarification: The Gemara in Kesuvos (Daf 40b) defines 'P'gam' - One assesses how much a person would pay for a Shifchah who is a virgin more than for a Be'ulah, in irder to marry her off to an Eved who has given him sarisfaction.

3)

TOSFOS DH ILU BA'U ALEHAH SH'NEIM-ASAR K'DARKAH V'ECHAD SHE'LO K'DARKAH

úåñ' ã"ä àéìå áàå òìéä ùðéí àçã ëãøëä åàçã ùìà ëãøëä

(Summary: Tosfos disagrees with Rashi and elaborates.)

ôøù"é àçã áà òìéä úçéìä ùìà ëãøëä åàçã áà òìéä ëãøëä, ãàëúé äéà áúåìä åéù ìä ÷ðñ ...

(a)

Explanation #1: Rashi explains that one of them was first intimate with her she'lo ke'Darkah, and then the other one, ke'Darkah, so that she was still a Besulah, who is subject to K'nas ...

åéàîøå æä ùáòì ôâåîä ãìéëà áåùú ëåìé äàé éäéá ð' ñìòéí, åàéìå áòì áúåìä ùìéîä ãòìîà, ìà éäéá ðîé àìà çîùéí.

1.

Explanation #1 (cont.): And people will say that the one who was Bo'el a Pegumah, where there is less shame should pay fifty Sela'im, and if he were to be Bo'el a complete Besulah outside of this case, he will also pay only fifty Sela'im.

åøù"é àæéì ìùéèúå ,ãôéøù áô' áï ñåøø åîåøä (ñðäãøéï ãó òâ:) âáé 'äàé ãàîø ìà îùìí òã âîø áéàä' -ôøù"é ðîé ùí ùäåà îåöéà áúåìéí...

(b)

Follows Precedent: Rashi follows his own reasoning in Perek ben Sorer u'Moreh (Sanhedrin, Daf 73b), where he explained that, according to the opinion that he only pays at the end of the Bi'ah - 'because he takes away her virginity' ...

îùîò ãáòéðï äùøú áúåìéí ìäúçééá ÷ðñ.

1.

Follows Precedent (cont.): Implying that removing a girl's virginity is required in order to be subject to K'nas.

åàéðå ëï -ãäà àéúà áô"÷ ã÷ãåùéï (ãó è:) 'áàå òìéä é' áðé àãí åòãééï äéà áúåìä, ôéøåù ëâåï ùáàå òìéä ùìà ëãøëä; ø' àåîø "àåîø àðé äøàùåï áñ÷éìä åëåìäå áçð÷ ... ' "

(c)

Refutation: This is not correct however - since the Gemara says in the first Perek of Kidushin (Daf 9b) that - 'If nine men have relations with her and she is still a Besulah' (i.e. where they were intimate with her she'Lo ke'Darkah), Rebbi rules that the first one is Chayav Sekilah, and the others, Chenek' ...

åà"ø æéøà òìä 'îåãä ø' ìòðéï ÷ðñ ãëåìäå îùìîé' .

1.

Refutation (cont.): And Rebbi Zeira explains that even Rebbi concedes that they must all pay K'nas.

ìôéëê ôø"é 'éàîøå áòì ôâåîä çîùéí' æäå àåúå ùáòì àçøéå ëãøëä, [áòì ùìéîä çîùéí æäå àåúå ùáòì øàùåï ùìà ëãøëä, ãàæ äéúä ùìéîä.

(d)

Explanation #2: So the Ri explains that 'people will say that the one who was Bo'el a Pegumah pays fifty' refers to the one who was Bo'el last ke'Darkah [and the one who was Bo'el a Sh'leimah also pays fifty - that is the one who was Bo'el first she'Lo ke'Darkah, when she was still a Besulah.

îéäå ìëì äôéøåùéí ö"ì ãàåúå ùáòì ùìà ëãøëä äéä øàùåï.

(e)

Observation: According to both explanations however, the one who was Bo'el she'Lo ke'Darkah was the first to be Bo'el.

åáñôøéí ëúåá àåúå ùáòì ëãøëä .

(f)

Observation (cont.): In spite of the fact that the Gemara first mentions 'Ba'al ke'Darkah' first (See Avodah Berurah).

åìôéøåù ø"é ÷"÷, ãäåä îöé ìîéîø 'áàå òìéä ùðéí ùìà ëãøëä'?].

(g)

Question: According to the Ri the Kashya arises why does the Gemara not say that both men were intimate with her she'Lo ke'Darkah?]

4)

TOSFOS DH K'SHEM SHE'ANU OLIN MI'TZAD ZEH KACH MITZRAYIM OLIN MI'TZAD ZEH

úåñ' ã"ä ëùí ùàðå òåìéï îöã æä (àîøå) ëê îöøéí òåìéï îöã àçø

(Summary: Tosfos clarifies how Yisrael crossed the Yam-Suf.)

éù ìúîåä àéê äéå éùøàì áàåúå äãåø ë"ë î÷èðé àîðä, ùñáøå ùëê éòùä ä÷á"ä ðñéí ìîöøéí ìäòáéøí îàøöí ìà"é?

(a)

Question: How could Yisrael of that generation be so low in Emunah as to believe that Hash-m would perform miracles for Egypt to take them from their country across the Yarden into Eretz Yisrael?

åàåîø ø' áùí àáéå øáé ùîåàì ùéùøàì ìà òáøå äéí ìøçáå îöã æä ìæä...

(b)

Answer: 'Rebbi' quoting his father R. Shmuel explains that explains that Yisrael did not traverse the Sea across its width, from one side to the other ...

ùà"ë äéå îîäøéí ììëú àì à"é ...

1.

Proof: Because if they had, they would soon have hurried to go to Eretz Yisrael ...

àìà øöåòä àçú òáøå áéí ìàåøê äéí òã ùôðå ìîãáø ìöã àçã...

(c)

Answer (cont.): But they traversed it along its length (in a semi-circular route) until they left it on the same side as they entered ...

ëé ìà äéå éëåìéï ììëú îëì öã àí ìà éòáøå äéí, åîöøéí äéå ìäí îéîéðí åîùîàìí...

1.

Reason: Because they were unable to move in any direction without crossing the Sea, since the Egyptians were to their right and to their left ...

ìôéëê òáøå äéí øöåòä àçú òã ùôðå ìîãáø îöã àçã...

(d)

Answer (cont.): Hence they crossed it using a semi-circular route until they 're-entered the desert on the same side ...

åæä 'ëùí ùàðå òåìéï îöã æä' åáàðå ìîãáø, 'ëê îöøéí òåìéï îöã àçø' îï äîãáø, åéøãôå àçøéðå, åéùéâåðå...

1.

Answer (cont.): And this is what they meant when they declared 'Just as we came up on this side' and entered the desert, 'so too, did the Egyptians "come up" further along the desert, and they will now chase after us and overtake us! ...

ëé ñáåøéí ùìà éòáøå äîöøééí áéí àìà éáàå îöã àçø.

2.

Reason: Because they thought that the Egyptians did not cross the Sea at all, but that they would come from another direction.

åáäëé ðéçà äà ãëúéá (áîãáø ìâ) "åéñòå îîøä ... åéçðå òì éí ñåó" ...

(e)

Proof: And with this we understand what the Pasuk writes (in Bamidbar 33) "They traveled from Marah ... and they encamped by the Yam-Suf" ...

åàí òáøå øåçá äéí òã òáø äéí îöã àçø, äéàê ôâòå òåã áéí? åëé çæøå ìàçåøéäí? ...

1.

Proof (cont.): Now if they traversed it across the width to the other side, how could they arrive at the Sea again? Did they travel backwards? ...

àìà ù"î ìàçø ùðñòå áàåøê äéí åéöàå ëîå ëï ìàåøê äéí ìãøåí îöøéí...

2.

Proof (concl.): So we see that after thy traveled along the Sea, and they left it still along the length, to the south of Egypt ...

ùîöøéí ëîå ëï ìøåç ãøåîéú ùì à"é ÷øåá ìñåó ãøåîéú ìöã îòøá, åðéìåñ îôñé÷ áéï îöøéí åáéï à"é; åäéí îöã ãøåîéú ùì àøõ îöøéí îîæøç ìîòøá...

(f)

Clarification: Because Egypt too, was south of Eretz Yisrael, close to its southern border to the west; and the Nile separated between Egypt and Eretz Yisrael; and the Sea was to the south of Egypt, from east to west ...

åðñòå ìçåó äéí îöôåï äéí ùäåà ãøåîéú ùì îöøéí, åàç"ë éöàå ìàçø ùäìëå ëçöé âåøï òâåìä åéöàå áöã öôåðé ùìäí -ùäéà ãøåîéú ùì àøõ àãåí, åîæøçéú ùì àøõ îöøéí...

(g)

Answer (cont.): And they entered the Seashore on the north of the Sea, which is the South of Egypt, and they emerged, after traversing a semi-circular route, still on the north section of the Sea - which is south of the land of Edom east of Egypt.

åàç"ë äìëå ÷öú éîéí òã îøä, åàç"ë äéå òãééï àöì äéí.

(h)

Conclusion: They then traveled for a few days till they arrived in Marah, at which point they were still next to the Sea ...

åëùäåöøëå ìéëðñ ìà"é, ìà äåöøëå ìòáåø äéí àìà ñéááå àøõ àãåí åàøõ îåàá ùäåà áãøåîéú ùì à"é åîæøçéú ùì àøõ îöøéí.

1.

Conclusion (cont.): And when they were ready to go to Eretz Yisrael, they did not need to cross the Sea, but to go circumvent the land of Mo'av, which was south of Eretz Yisrael, and east of Egypt.

5)

TOSFOS DH ECHAD U'MECHTZAH SHE'BA'HEM

úåñ' ã"ä àçã åîçöä ùáäí

(Summary: Tosfos explains the numbers and elaborates.)

áîöøéí ëúéá (ùîåú éã) "ùù îàåú øëá áçåø" ,åáñéñøà ëúéá (ùåôèéí ã) "úùò îàåú øëá" ...

(a)

Clarification: Regarding Egypt the Torah writes (in Sh'mos 14) "Six hundred chosen chariots" and regarding Sisro (in Shoftim 4) "Nine hundred chariots" ...

åàó òì âá ãëúéá (ùîåú éã) "ëì øëá îöøéí" ...

(b)

Implied Question: And even though it adds (in Sh'mos 14) "and all the chariots of Egypt" ...

ìà ÷à çùéá àìà äùøéí...

(c)

Answer: It only reckons with the captains ...

åëì øëá ùì àøõ îöøéí äéä ðúìä àçø äùù îàåú øëá; åîìëéí ùì ñéñøà äéå úìåéí àçø äúùò îàåú øëá áøæì ...

1.

Answer (cont.): Because the chariots of Egypt were under the command of the six hundred, as were the the kings that joined Sisro secondary to the nine hundred iron chariots ...

åàí çéì àðùéí áæä éåúø îáæä, àéðå çåùù.

(d)

Conclusion: And if the army of men added to the spoil, the Gemara is not concerned with that.

15b----------------------------------------15b

6)

TOSFOS DH AL TIKRI MIMENU ELA MIMENU (This Dibur belongs on Amud Alef, after DH 'Ilu').

úåñ' ã"ä àì ú÷øé îîðå àìà îîðå

(Summary: Tosfos tries to clarify the statement.)

é"î àì ú÷øé "îîðå" øôé àìà "îîðå" ãâù.

(a)

Clarification: Some commentaries explain - 'Don't read Mimenu" without a Dagesh (a dot in the second 'Mem'), but read "Mimenu" with one.

åàéðå ëï, ùëì "îîðå" ùáúåøä ãâåùéï...

(b)

Refutation: But this is not correct, since every "mMimenu" in the Torah contains a Dagesh ...

åàéðå îçìéó ëìì æä áæä ...

1.

Refutation (cont.): And one cannot change one for the other ... (See Avodah Berurah)

åëï îöéðå áñéôøé 'åìà ðñ ìéçä' àéï ëúéá ëàï àìà "åìà ðñ ìéçä."

(c)

Precedent: Similarly we find in the Sifri - 'It does not write 'Lo Nas Leichoh' but "Lo Nas Leichoh" (See Avodah Berurah DH 've'Ayein').

7)

TOSFOS DH HIS'AVU TA'AVAH

úåñ' ã"ä äúàåå úàåä

(Summary: Tosfos explains the double expression.)

ôøù"é äúàåå éåúø- îùîò ùìà ôñ÷ ìäí äùìéå .

(a)

Explanation #1: Rashi explains that they wanted more - implying that the quails had not stopped.

åäø"ø éåñó ÷øà ôéøù ùôñ÷ ìäí äùìéå øàùåï ... "

(b)

Explanation #2: Whereas ha'Rav R. Yosef Karo explains that the first quails - "and the rabble in their midst desired ... " - had stopped

åäàñôñåó àùø á÷øáå äúàåå úàåä" -ìôé ùìà äéä ìäí ùìéå, åéøã ìäí ùìéå ùðé.

1.

Explanation #2 (cont.): "And the rabble in their midst desired ... " precisely bedcause they did not have quails; so the quails fell for the second time.

8)

TOSFOS DH V'AMAR RESH LAKISH MAI DI'CHESIV ZOS TIH'YEH TORAS HA'METZORA TORAS MOTZI SHEM RA

úåñ' ã"ä åàîø øéù ì÷éù îàé ãëúéá æàú úäéä úåøú äîöåøò úåøú îåöéà ùí øò

(Summary: Tosfos clarifies the text.)

'àîø' âøñéðï åìà âøñé' åàîø ...

(a)

Text: The text reads 'Amar' and not 've'Amar' ...

ãäà øéù ì÷éù ìà àîø ëìì ìòéì.

1.

Reason: Because Resh Lakish did not say anything before.

9)

TOSFOS DH LISHNA TELISA'I

úåñ' ã"ä ìéùðà úìéúàé

(Summary: Tosfos explains why it is called 'The third Lashon'.)

ôøù"é ìùåï ùìéùé ùì øëéì îâìä ñåã.

(a)

Explanation #1: Rashi explains that it is tongue of the third person - the tale-bearer who reveals secrets.

åàðé îöàúé ëúåá 'ìéùðà úìéúàé' ùä÷éôä ä÷á"ä àçú ùì òöí åàçú ùì áùø, åäåà ùìéùé áúåëí.

(b)

Explanation #2: Tosfos found another written explanation: 'the third tongue' - Inasmuch as Hakadosh-Baruch-Hu covered it (speech) with one cover of bone (the teeth), one of flesh (the lips) and it (the tongue) is the third item in between them.

10)

TOSFOS DH KOL MILSA D'ISAMRA B'APEI T'LASA LEIS BAH MISHUM LISHNA BISHA (This Dibur and the next one belong to the following Amud).

úåñ' ã"ä ëì îéìúà ãîéúàîøà áàôé úìúà ìéú áä îùåí ìéùðà áéùà

(Summary: Tosfos clarifies the statement.)

ôéøåù ëâåï ëä"â ãðåøà áé ôìåðé' -ãàéëà ìîéùîò ãìà àîøä îùåí ìéùðà áéùà ...

(a)

Clarification: In a case such as 'Where is fire available?' - which has connotations of not being meant as Lashon ha'Ra ...

àáì àí äåà àîø ãáø ÷ðèåø òì çáéøå, àôéìå äéä àåîøä áôðéå, àéú áéä îùåí ìéùðà áéùà.

1.

Clarification (cont.): But if one says something that slanders one's friend, it is considered Lashon ha'Ra even where he says it in his presence.

11)

TOSFOS DH AVNET MECHAPER AL HIRHUS HA'LEIV

úåñ' ã"ä àáðè îëôø òì äøäåø äìá

(Summary: Tosfos defines the Avnet.)

à'äéëà ãàéúà.

(a)

Reason: Based on its location.

åàáðè äåà ëîå çâåø ùì ùù ,àøåëä îàã.

(b)

Clarification: The Avneit itself is a very long kind of linen belt.

åàéúà ðîé áîãøù -ùäéä äëäï î÷éôå ñáéáéå á' ôòîéí ëðâã ìá ùì àãí.

1.

Source: The Medrash too, explains that - the Kohen would it around himself twice in the vicinity of a person's heart.

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