"ve'Ishah ki Yazuv Zov Damah". What does "ve'Ishah" incorporate?
Sifra: It incorporates a Giyores, a Shifchah and a Meshuchreres in the Din of Zivus. 1
See ha'Torah ve'ha'Mitzvah and Torah Temimah note 99.
Why does the Torah insert the 'Vav' in "ve'Ishah"?
Nidah, 44a: To include a baby from ten days 1 and onwards.
Sifra: "ve'Ishah" incorporates a Giyores, a Shifchah and a Meshuchreres in the Din of Zivus. 2
Why does the Torah use the double Lashon "Ki Sazuv Zov Damah"?
Nidah, 36b: To teach us that, as opposed to a Zav, 1 a woman is a Zavah even if she sees due to an Oneis.
What are the implications of "Zov Damah"?
Nidah, 36b: It implies that the blood emerged on its own and not on account of birth-pains, 1 in which casse she is not a Zavah
See Torah Temimah, note 100.
What are the implications of "Yamim Rabim"?
What does the Torah mean when it writes "be'Lo es Nidasah"?
Rashi and Rashbam (citing Nidah, 73a): It means that the three sightings occur after the termination of the seven day period of Nidus. 1
Rashi: During the eleven days between one Nidus and the next (following the seven-day Nidah period). In the event that she sees the next time after day eleven, she is a Nidah). See Ba'al ha'Turim (end of Pasuk 26).
Why does the Torah need to insert the three phrases "Al Nidasah", "be'Lo Es Nidasah, and "O ki Sazuv"?
"O ki Sazuv al Nidasah". What are the implications of "al Nidasah"?
Nidah 73a: It implies close to her Nidus - the night after, and the Torah calls her a Zavah - to preclude from the notion that in the night she is a Nidah, and a Zavah, only if she sees in the day. 1
See Torah Temimah note 107.
Why does the Torah insert the word "Kol Yemei Zov Tum'asah"?
Nidah, 73a: To teach us that if she sees on only two days, and even on only one day, she is a Zavah (Ketanah). 1
Nidah (Ibid.): To render Tamei the man who lies with her, and to be Metamei MIshkav and Moshav. See also Torah Temimah, note 106, who presents the Dinim of a Zavah Ketanah and a Zavh Gedolah in detail.
Why does the Torah insert the (otherwise superfluous) words "ki'Yemei Nidasah"?
Targum Yonasan: To teach us that she is Metamei someone who has relations wih her like a Nidah.
Why does the Torah add the (otherwise superfluous) words "Teme'ah Hi"?
Nidah, 73a: "Nidah" - to teach us that, like a Zavah, she renders Tamei the man who lies with her Tamei like herself; "Hi", to preclude a Zav from doing likewise. 1
See Torah Temimah, note 110.
In which regards is a Zavah Halachically different than a Nidah?
Rashi: a. She requires seven clean days and b. a Korban; c. She is only Tamei Tum'as Zavah if she has two or three consecutive sightings.
Why was a woman given the Mitzvah of Zivus?
Seeing as there is no difference between the blood of a Nidah and that of a Zavah, why does a Zavah require seven clean days and a Korban Olah and Chatas?
R. Bachye (in Pasuk 19) and Seforno (in Pasuk 18): It is part of the punishment of Chavah - "Harbah Arbeh Etzvonech" (Bereishis 3:16), for which all her offspring need purification and atonement 1 (seven clean days to contemplate the sin and adopt a Ru'ach of Teshuvah and Taharah, after which she Tovels and brings an Olah to atone for the sinful thoughts and a Chatas for the sinful act - Seforno). 2
R. Bachye: Which explains why we do not find the illness of Nidus by any species of animals - since they do not have Seichel.
See R. Bachye (near the end of page 487) who proves a. that the Tum'ah of Chavah is implanted in all women, and b. that Nidus is good for the fetus (should she subsequently fall pregnant) - 'like iron from which one removes the rust' - and elaborates.
QUESTIONS ON RASHI
Rashi writes that she must see three consecutive days to become a Zavah. What is the Din if she sees one or two days?
Moshav Zekenim: After one or two days of seeing blood, she guards the next day (refrains from Bi'ah). If she does not see on the guarded day, she is permitted at nightfall, if she immersed. The earliest she may immerse is the morning of the day she guards.
