BAVA KAMA 55 (15 Teves 5784) - dedicated by Dr. Moshe and Rivka Snow in memory of Rivka's mother, Rebbetzin Leah bas Rav Yosef (Rabinowitz), the Manostrishtcher Rebbetzin, whose Yahrzeit is 15 Teves.

1)

LIABILITY FOR ANIMALS THAT ESCAPED (Yerushalmi Perek 6 Halachah 1 Daf 26b)

îúðé' äëåðñ öàï ìãéø åðòì áôðéä ëøàåé åéöúä åäæé÷ä ôèåø

(a)

(Mishnah): If Reuven brought his flock into a Dir (a fenced off area for animals to fertilize the land) and locked in front of them properly; and they got out and damaged, he is exempt;

ìà ðòì áôðéä ëøàåé åéöàä åäæé÷ä çééá

1.

If he locked in front of them improperly and they went out and damaged, he is liable.

ðôøöä áìéìä àå ùôøöåä ìéñèéí åéöúä åäæé÷ä ôèåø

(b)

If the wall broke at night, or if thieves broke it and an animal went out and damaged, he (and the thieves) are exempt.

äåöéàåä ìéñèéí äìéñèéï çééáéï:

1.

If thieves took it out [and it damaged], the thieves are liable.

[ãó ëâ òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] âî' ø' ìà áùí ø' éðàé áîçìå÷ú

(c)

(Gemara - R. La citing R. Yanai): Tana'im argue about our Mishnah. (Shen and Regel are always Mu'ad. Our Mishnah is like R. Yehudah, who says that a minimal guarding suffices for a Mu'ad. It is unlike R. Meir, who requires first-rate Shemirah for a Mu'ad.)

øáé ìòæø àîø ãáøé äëì äåà

(d)

(R. Lazar): All agree to it.

à''ø ìà îñúáøà äãà ãø' ìòæø ùäøé àéï ëúéá ùîéøä áâåôå àìà á÷øï.

(e)

(R. La): Presumably, R. Lazar is correct. Shemirah was written only regarding Keren. (There is no source for R. Meir to require first-rate Shemirah for Shen and Regel.)

îàé ëãåï

(f)

Question: What was the conclusion?

øéù ì÷éù àîø áîçìå÷ú ø' ìòæø àîø ãáøé äëì äéà.

(g)

Answer: Reish Lakish says that Tana'im argue about it. R. Lazar says that all agree to it.

åàéú ãàîøéï ãø' ìéòæø áï éò÷á äéà ãàîø áéï ëê åáéï ëê ôèåø.

(h)

Some say that our Mishnah is like R. Eliezer ben Yakov, who says that whether [it is Tam] or [Mu'ad, if he did a minimal guarding] he is exempt.

òã ëãåï áùäéúä âãåøä îã' øåçåú äéúä âãåøä îùìù øåçåúéå åôøåöä îøåç àçú åéöàú îî÷åí (äôøöä) [ö''ì äâãåøä - - ðåòí éøåùìîé] îäå

(i)

Question: This is when it was fenced in [all] four directions. If it was fenced in three directions and open in one direction, and it went out from a fenced side [and damaged], what is the law? (He was negligent to leave one side open, but in the end there was Ones not due to the negligence.)

ðéùîòéðä îï äãà ðôì ëåúìå î÷åì äæåòåú î÷åì äøòîéí àí òîã åáðàå ëöåøëå ôèåø åàí ìàå çééá.

(j)

Answer: We learn from the following [Tosefta]. If the wall fell due to the noise of Zo'os (earthquakes or great winds) or the noise of thunder, if he [initially] built it properly, he is exempt. If not, he is liable;

ëìåí öøéëä ìà [ãó ëæ òîåã à] áùðôìå ùí ùìùä ëúìéí áøéàéí îîðä.

1.

This is needed only when the three stronger walls fell. (Even if also the fourth was strong, it would have fallen, so the Ones is not due to the negligence, and even so he is liable for his negligence! We explained this like NO'AM YERUSHALMI.)