1)

ONE IS EXEMPT FOR A COVERED PIT (Yerushalmi Perek 5 Halachah 7 Daf 25b)

òáø òìéå äøàùåï åìà ëéñäå äùðé åìà ëéñäå äùðé çééá.

(a)

(Mishnah): If Reuven passed and did not cover it, and Shimon [used it] and did not cover it, Shimon is liable.

ø' áà áø áéæðà ø' éñà áùí ø' éåçðï ðåúðéï ìå ùäåú ìëøåú àøæéí îï äìáðåï

(b)

(R. Ba bar Bizna citing R. Yosa citing R. Yochanan): [If Reuven found out that it is uncovered,] we give to him time to cut cedar trees from the forest. (After this time, also he is liable for it.)

àéú áä ìçåîøà åàéú áä ì÷åìà ôòîéí ùñîåëéï ììáðåï ôòîéí ùøçå÷éï ììáðåï:

(c)

This can be a stringency, and it can be a leniency. Sometimes they are close to the forest, and sometimes they are far from the forest.

ëéñäå ëøàåé.

(d)

(Mishnah): If one properly covered a pit...

òã äéëï ëéñäå

(e)

Question: What is considered [properly] covered?

ééáà ëéé ãúðéðï úîï ëãé ùúäà òâìä îäìëú èòåðä àáðéí.

(f)

Answer: It is like a Mishnah taught there - in order that a wagon laden with rocks can pass over.

àîø øáé éðàé ìúåëå áéï ùìôðéå áéï ùìàçøéå (ôèåø çåöä ìå ìôðéå ôèåø ìàçøéå çééá) [ö''ì çééá çåöä ìå ìôðéå çééá ìàçøéå ôèåø - øéãá''æ]:

(g)

(R. Yanai): If an animal fell into [the pit], whether forwards or backwards, he is liable. If it fell outside, if it fell forwards he is liable; backwards, he is exempt. (We explained this like RIDVAZ.)