1)

APOTROPUS FOR YESOMIM (Yerushalmi Perek 4 Halachah 4 Daf 20a)

à''ø éåçðï áúçéìä àéï îîðéï àôåèøåôéï òì îðú ìçåá ìäï àìà ìæëåú ìäï åàí çáå çáå.

(a)

(R. Yochanan): L'Chatchilah, we do not appoint an Apotropos [to represent orphans in a case] in order to obligate them, only to bring merit to them. If they obligated them, they obligated them.

øáé éåñé áï çðéðä àîø áéï áúçéìä áéï áñåó àéï îîðéï àôåèøåôéï òì äéúåîéï ìà ìæëåú åìà ìçåáä.

(b)

(R. Yosi ben Chaninah): Both l'Chatchilah and b'Di'eved we do not appoint an Apotropos for orphans to bring merit to them or to obligate them. (If they obligated them, the verdict is invalid.)

îúðéúéï ôìéâà òì ãøáé éåñé áï çðéðä îòîéãéï ìäï àôåèøåôéï åîòéãéï ìäï áôðé àôåèøåôéï.

(c)

Question (against R. Yosi ben Chaninah - Mishnah): We appoint for them an Apotropos, and testify for them in front of the Apotropos.

à''ì ùðééà äåà áùåø ùìà éöà åéæé÷.

(d)

Answer: An ox is different. [It is essential to appoint an Apotropos], lest it go out and damage.

ùåøå ùì éúåîéï åùì àôåèøåôéï ùéöà åäæé÷ îäå

(e)

Question: If the ox of orphans and [it is under the supervision] of an Apotropos went out and damaged, what is the law? (Who pays for the damage?)

ø' éåçðï àîø îùì éúåîéï ùàí àúä àåîø îùì àôåèøåôéï ìà ðòùä àãí îòåìí àôéèøåôåñ.

(f)

Answer #1 (R. Yochanan): It is [paid] from the orphans. If you will say that it is from the Apotropos, no one would ever [agree to] be an Apotropos!

øáé éåñé áï çðéðä àîø îùì àôéèøåôéï

(g)

Answer #2 (R. Yosi bar Chanina): It is from the Apotropos.

åúééà ãøáé éåñé áï çðéðà ëàáà ùàåì åãøáé éåçðï ëøáðéï

(h)

R. Yosi ben Chanina holds like Aba Sha'ul, and R. Yochanan holds like Rabanan;

ãúðéðï úîï àôéèøåôåñ ùîéðäå àáé éúåîéï éùáò [ãó ë òîåã á] îéðäå áéú ãéï ìà éùáò ùáéú ãéï îáçðéï àåúå

1.

(Mishnah): If the father of orphans appointed an Apotropos [for after he will die, the Apotropos] must swear [that he did not keep anything for himself]. If Beis Din appointed him, he does not swear, for Beis Din checks him [that he is overseeing their property properly - SEDEI YEHOSHUA];

àáà ùàåì àåîø çéìåó äãáøéí àôéèøåôåñ ùîéðäå àáé éúåîéï ìà éùáò ãáòé îîùëðà ìéä îéðäå áéú ãéï éùáò àéú áø ðù áòé îéúï ëîä åîéú÷øé äéîï

2.

Aba Sha'ul says oppositely. If the father of orphans appointed an Apotropos, he need not swear, for he wants to devote himself [to help the orphans, due to closeness to their father. If he must swear, he will refrain.] If Beis Din appointed him, he swears. A person is willing to give much so that he will be called trustworthy (one appointed by Beis Din gets a good reputation).

2)

AN ANIMAL INCITED TO GORE (Yerushalmi Perek 4 Halachah 4 Daf 20b)

àîø àáà áø øá äåðà äãà àîøä äîëéù áäîú çáéøå åäìëä åäæé÷ä çééá áðæ÷éä:

(a)

(Aba bar Rav Huna): (Our Mishnah taught that an Itztadin ox is not killed, for it is incited to gore.) This teaches that one who strikes his friend's animal with a stick, and it went and damaged, he is liable for the damage.