[58a - 25 lines; 58b - 45 lines]
1)[line 3]îáøéç àøé îðëñé çáéøå äåàMAVRI'ACH ARI MI'NICHSEI CHAVEIRO HU- he is merely chasing away a lion, i.e. he (in this case, the owner of the Chatzer) is helping someone (the owner of the ox) avoid a loss (by having the ox break its fall on his fruits), and one who helps someone avoid a loss cannot make a claim from the person he helped (since it is not considered monetary benefit to that person)
2)[line 4]îáøéç àøé îðëñé çáéøå îãòúå äåà äàé ìàå îãòúåMAVRI'ACH ARI MI'NICHSEI CHAVEIRO MI'DA'ATO HU, HAI LAV MI'DA'ATO- helping someone avoid a loss is not considered monetary benefit only when the person who prevented the loss does so willingly, but in this case, the owner of the Chatzer did not do so willingly (and therefore he should be able to make a claim for the damages done to his fruit)
3)[line 8]ùäåçì÷ä áîéîé øâìéäSHE'HUCHLEKAH B'MEIMEI RAGLEHA- it slipped on its own urine
4)[line 12]ôùòäPASH'AH- the owner of the animals acted negligently
5)[line 13]àéáòé ìê òáåøé çãà çãàIBA'I LACH ABUREI CHADA CHADA- you should have passed each animal one at a time (so that one would not push the other off of the roof or path)
6)[line 14]òøåâäARUGAH- a vegetable patch
7)[line 17]òã ùúöà åúçæåø ìãòúAD SHE'TETZEI V'SACHZOR L'DA'AS- until it (the animal) goes out and returns [to eat more from the Arugah] with the knowledge of the owner
8)[line 20]ëéåï ãéìôà ëì àéîú ãîùúîèà ìäúí øäèàKEIVAN D'YALFA, KOL EIMAS D'MISHTAMTA, L'HASAM RIHATA- once the animal has learned [where it can find food], the owner must assume that whenever the animal gets out, it runs to there (to the food)
9)[line 22]áîé ìéãäMEI LEIDAH- the waters of birth (embryonic fluids)
10)[last line]ìðèåøäLINTURAH- to guard it
58b----------------------------------------58b
11)[line 1]åìàñèîåøé áâåäUL'ISTAMUREI V'GAVAH- and to be exceedingly careful with it
12)[line 3]îìîã ùùîéï òì âá ùãä àçøMELAMED SHE'SHAMIN AL GAV SADEH ACHER- this teaches that we assess [the compensation for the damage done to the rows of crops in this field] based on the value of another field (that is, the compensation for the damage is measured by detracting the value of a Beis Se'ah of the damaged field from the value of a Beis Se'ah of a normal field (without damage), and the owner of the Shor must pay the difference)
13a)[line 12]ñàä áùùéí ñàéïSE'AH B'SHISHIM SE'IN- [we assess the compensation owed for the damage to the field] by assessing the value of one Se'ah out of sixty Se'in (that is, we assess the value of a field of sixty Se'ah, and then we divide that value by sixty in order to get the value of one such "wholesale" Se'ah. We then determine the value of the damage by determining the proportion of the original value of a healthy Beis Se'ah with its value after it has been damaged, and apply that proportion to the value of a wholesale healthy Beis Se'ah. For example, a single Beis Se'ah by itself is sold for 150 Zuz, and a person would buy a damaged, single Beis Se'ah (i.e. with one damaged row) for ten per cent less (135 Zuz), and thus the value of the damage is 15 Zuz. Sixty Beis Se'ah is sold for 6000 Zuz (a wholesale discount), and thus a single wholesale Beis Se'ah is worth 100 Zuz. Applying the proportion of a healthy Beis Se'ah to a damaged Beis Se'ah, the value of the damage to a wholesale Beis Se'ah (with one damaged row) is worth ten per cent less, or 90 Zuz, the damage being 10 Zuz. Had the Mazik been required to pay for the damaged row directly, he would have had to pay more than ten per cent of the value of the Beis Se'ah (such as 25 Zuz).)
b)[line 12]ñàä áùùéí ñàéïSE'AH B'SHISHIM SE'IN - [damage done to] a plot of land the area of a Se'ah [is assessed by considering the devaluation] in the entire sixty Se'ah plot surrounding the damaged area. (MEASUREMENTS OF PLOTS OF LAND)
(a)The following is a list of measures of volume used in the Mishnah and Gemara:
1.1 Kor (= 1 Chomer) = 30 Se'in
2.1 Lesech = 15 Se'in
3.1 Eifah = 3 Se'in
4.1 Se'ah = 6 Kabin
5.1 Tarkav (= Trei v'Kav, or 3 Kabin) = 12 Lugin
6.1 Kav = 4 Lugin
7.1 Log (= 1 Rova) = 4 Revi'iyos = 6 Beitzim
8.1 Beitzah = 2 or 3 k'Zeisim, according to the varying opinions
(b)A Beis Se'ah normally refers to a parcel of land in which one Se'ah of grain is normally planted. The area of a Beis Se'ah is 2,500 square Amos, which is approximately equal to 576 square meters (6,200 square feet) or 829 square meters (8,928 square feet), depending upon the differing Halachic opinions.
(c)According to TOSFOS (DH Shamin), the Beis Se'ah of our Mishnah and Gemara refers not to the amount of land in which a Se'ah of grain is planted, but to the amount of land from which a Se'ah of produce (i.e. six stalks) is harvested.
14)[line 13]úø÷áTARKAV- a contraction of the words "Trei v'Kav" = two [Kabin] and [one] Kav = 3 Kabin (approximately 3.6, 4.14 or 7.2 liters, depending upon the differing Halachic opinions)
15)[line 14]÷ìçKELACH- a stalk
16a)[line 15]ևKAV- one Kav
b)[line 15]÷áééíKABAYIM- two Kabin
17)[line 19]áéú ëåøBEIS KOR
The area of a Beis Kor is 75,000 square Amos, approximately 15,595.5, 17,280 or 24,883.2 square meters, depending upon the differing Halachic opinions.
18)[line 28]ääåà âáøà ã÷õ ÷ùáà îçáøéäHA'HU GAVRA D'KATZ KASBA ME'CHAVREI- a certain person cut down a date-palm tree that belonged to his friend
19)[line 29]ãøéù âìåúàREISH GALUSA- the Exilarch, the temporal leader of the Jews in Babylon
20)[line 30]åúìúà úàìúà á÷éðà äåå ÷ééîéTELASA TA'ALASA B'KINA HAVU KAIMEI- there were three date-palms standing together in one patch
21)[line 31]æéì äá ìéä úìúéï åúìúà åúéìúàZIL HAV LEI TELASIN U'SELASA U'SILTA- go pay him thirty-three and a third (33.3) Zuzim
22)[line 31]àîø ''âáé øéù âìåúà ããàéï ãéðà ãôøñàä ìîä ìé?''AMAR ''GABEI REISH GALUSA D'DA'IN DINA D'FARSA'AH, LAMAH LI?''- he (the defendant) said, "Why must I be judged by a Reish Galusa who judges based on the law of the Persians?" (Alternatively: he said, "Why must I be judged by a Reish Galusa who judges a normal date-palm based on the value of a Persian date-palm (which is much more expensive)?" -TOSFOS)
23)[line 36]äîáëéø ëøîå ùì çáéøå ñîãøHA'MAVKIR KARMO SHEL CHAVEIRO SEMADAR- one who destroys the vineyard of his friend while the grapes were small (in their budding stage)
24)[line 40]÷èîä ðèéòäKITMAH NETI'AH- an animal that cut down a sapling
25)[line 41]âåæøé âæéøåú ùáéøåùìéíGOZREI GEZEIROS SHEB'YRUSHALAYIM- judges who have the authority to enact decrees regarding compensation for damages, who were in Yerushalayim. This refers to Admon and Chanan ben Avshalom, as mentioned in Kesuvos 105a.
26)[line 41]ðèéòä áú ùðúä ùúé ëñóNETI'AH BAS SHENASAH, SHTEI CHESEF- a sapling that was one year old, one must pay two silver pieces
27)[line 43]çæéæCHAZIZ- (Shachas) grain in an early stage of growth, at which point it can be used as animal fodder, e.g. wheat grass
28)[line 44]ðéãåï áîùåééø ùáåNIDON BA'MESHUYAR SHE'BO- we judge it based on the remaining crops in the field (that is, we assess how much they will be worth when they are fully grown)