(Mishnah): Beis Shamai say that the Shiur (minimum quantity needed to transgress the prohibition) of Se'or (sour dough) on Pesach is a K'zayis; for Chametz, it is a K'koseves (the size of a date).

Beis Hillel say that the Shiur for both Se'or and Chametz is a K'zayis.

(Gemara - R. Zerikan quoting R. Yosi ben Chanina): The Mishnah is referring to the requirement to destroy it from one's house, but the Shiur to transgress the prohibition of eating is a K'zayis for both Se'or and Chametz.

R. Abahu quoting R. Yochanan: Both for destroying and eating, the Shiur is a K'koseves.

R. Mana met R. Chizkiyah and said to him - "From where did you hear this law (that all agree that the Shiur for eating is a K'zayis)?''

R. Chizkiyah replied: [I heard it] from R. Abahu.

R. Mana replied: I also heard it from R. Abahu quoting R. Yochanan, but I heard the opposite - that whether for eating Se'or or Chametz, the Shiur is a K'zayis - if you would not say this, the Mishnah at the beginning of Maseches Kerisos should teach that there are 37 cases of Kares in the Torah (not 36) as Se'or and Chametz would be separate cases (because of their different Shiurim).

(Mishnah): If one wishes to slaughter a wild animal or a bird on Yom Tov -

Beis Shamai - He may dig with a spade and cover [the blood].

Beis Hillel - He should not slaughter unless there was earth prepared (before Yom Tov).

They both agree that if he [already] slaughtered (without preparing the earth), he should dig with a spade and cover it, as ash from the stove is considered prepared for this.

(Gemara) - (R. Chiya quoting R. Yochanan): One who cooks a Neveilah on Yom Tov does not receive lashes, as it is included within the general permission to cook on Yom Tov.

R. Shimon ben Lakish: Cooking was only permitted for eating.

Question (R. Ba bar Mamal to R. Yochanan): If so, digging [also] should not be punishable with lashes, since it was permitted within the general permission to dig on Yom Tov (if one slaughtered a wild animal/bird, and there was no earth prepared)?

Answer (R. Yosa quoting R. Ila): Digging was never permitted in the regular way (as even when they permitted it, it had to be done with a Shinui - a change from the norm).

Answer #2 (R. Simi to R. Yosa/R. Acha quoting R. Ila): It is the opinion of R. Shimon who said that one is only liable if he performs a Melacha with the same intent as was done in the Mishkan (which is called Melacha She'ayno Tzericha Legufo). (Therefore, in this case he cannot be liable since he was not digging to produce a hole, rather to take the earth for covering the blood.)

Question: R. Yosi met with R. Acha and said to him - Did you say this law? Did R. Yochanan not say that according to R. Meir, there are 24 cases where Beis Shamai are lenient and Beis Hillel are stringent, and this (slaughtering on Yom Tov) is one of them. If our Mishnah is R. Meir, there should be 23 cases rather than 24?

Suggestion: Rather, maybe say that R. Meir and R. Shimon said the same thing....

Rejection: Did R. Yochanan not say that R. Yosa and R. Shimon said the same thing (that Melacha She'ayno Tzericha Legufo is exempt) - so it should say that R. Meir, R. Yosa and R. Shimon all say the same thing!

Rather, that which was questionable to the Rabbanan was obvious to you; that which was questionable to you was obvious to the Rabbanan.

If a person reaped for the purpose of using the weeds (as fuel) - he liable for harvesting but not for improving the ground (weeding).

Our question is as follows - if a person reaped to improve the ground, is he also liable for harvesting (since it was a definite result of his action) as well as ploughing (improving the ground)? (i.e. Does R. Shimon agree that a person is liable when it was certainly going to happen - termed Pesik Raishai?)

Even if there is no question according to R. Shimon, according to the Rabbanan you should certainly be liable for both, since you ploughed (improved the land) and reaped)!

R. Mana: The words of the following Rabbis support R. Simi (see (f) above - and R. Shimon says that even Pesik Raishai is exempt) - R. Chiya quoting R. Yochanan - if one squeezed a fish, if it was to improve the fish, he is exempt; if it was to take its juices, he is liable.

You must say that it is according to R. Shimon, as according to the Rabbanan, if you squeezed, you are always liable when the juices come out.

Rav Avun quoting Rabbanan of Bavel: This means that stove ashes are only prepared for a Mitzvah use (but it is Muktzah for all other uses, from the fact that the Mishnah specified a Mitzvah use for the ashes).

R. Mana: This applies only if he did not prepare it before Yom Tov, but if he did designate it for all uses before Yom Tov) he may use it to cover excrement and for a Mitzvah.

This follows the statement of R. Simi.

Rav Acha quoting Rav Yehuda expounded: If it was prepared for the Mitzvah (of covering the blood), one may use it to cover the blood; if it was also prepared to cover excrement, he may cover excrement and the blood.

R. Yosa bei R. Bun: There is a dispute between R. Zeira and R. Abba bar Yosef - one (#1) said that oven ashes are considered prepared for covering excrement. The other opinion (#2) said that they are not considered prepared.

Question (#2 to #1): If so, let him use it to cover the blood of a Koy?

Answer (#1 to #2): People make mistakes about a Koy (and they will say that if it is permitted to cover the blood on Yom Tov, it must be a wild animal); but there is no mistake that people could make about excrement.

Response (#2 to #1): If you permit him to cover excrement with oven ashes, he will come to dig earth to cover it!

Support (Beraisa #1): If a person brought earth to plaster his roof or lime to plaster his house, he may use it to cover (the blood of a wild animal or bird).

Beraisa #2: He may not use it to cover.

Resolution (R. Yosa bei R. Bun quoting Rav Chisda): Beraisa #1 refers to when he has already slaughtered; Beraisa #2 refers to when he is asking if he should slaughter.