(Mishnah): Every Kinuy (substitute name) for each of the following works like saying the actual word: a Neder (vow), Cherem (making something somewhat or totally like Hekdesh; this will be explained), Shevu'ah (oath), or Nezirus.

If one said any of the following to Levi, he may not benefit from Levi - 'I am Mudar (forbidden by a vow) from you', 'I am separated from you', 'I am distanced from you', 'that I will eat Lecha (from you)', or 'that I will taste Lecha (from you)'.

R. Akiva was inclined to be stringent about one who said 'I am Menudeh to you' (this will be explained).

(Gemara) Question: (The first Mishnah of Nazir similarly discusses Kinuyim of Nezirus.) Why does our Mishnah teach about all kinds of Kinuyim, whereas the Mishnah in Nazir does not?

Answer: A verse discusses Nedarim and Shevuos together, so our Mishnah taught both of these. Once it taught two, it taught all of them.

Question: If so, the Mishnah should teach Shevuos right after Nedarim!

Answer: It teaches Cherem after Neder because both of them forbid (use or benefit from) an object to a person. A Shevu'ah forbids a person to (use or benefit from) an object.

Question #1: The Mishnah begins with Kinuyim (it teaches that they work). Why does it explain Yados (abridged vows) first?

Question #2: Did the Tana forget to teach Yados (that they work, i.e. that if one said a Yad, it is as if he said the full Neder)?!

Answer (to Question #2): (Indeed, the Tana taught both.) The Mishnah is abbreviated. It means as follows:

Every Kinuy for a Neder is like saying 'Neder'. Every Yad for a Neder is like saying the full Neder.

Question: The Tana should illustrate Kinuyim first! (Why did he illustrate Yados now, and wait until the third Mishnah (10a) to illustrate Kinuyim?)

Answer: He first explains the matter taught last, like we find elsewhere:

(Mishnah) Question: What may be used to light (Neros Shabbos), and what is forbidden?

Answer: We may not use the following...

(Mishnah) Question: In what may one do Hatmanah (wrap things to keep them hot on Shabbos), and in what is it forbidden?

Answer: Hatmanah is forbidden in the following...

(Mishnah) Question: What may a woman wear outside (on Shabbos), and what is forbidden?

Answer: She may not go out with...

Question: The Tana does not always begin to explain the last matter taught!

(Mishnah): Some relatives inherit from and bequeath to each other. In some cases, one relative inherits the other, but does not bequeath to the other...

The following inherit from and bequeath to each other...

(Mishnah): Some women are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their Yevamim. Some are forbidden to their husbands and permitted to their Yevamim...

The following are permitted to their husbands and forbidden to their Yevamim...

(Mishnah): Some Menachos require oil and Levonah. Some require oil but not Levonah...

The following require oil and Levonah...

(Mishnah): Some Menachos require Hagashah (bringing them to the southwest corner of the Mizbe'ach), but not Tenufah (waving). Some require Tenufah, but not Hagashah...

The following require Hagashah...

(Mishnah): Some boys are considered a Bechor (firstborn) regarding inheritance (to get a double portion), but not regarding (the Mitzvah to be redeemed by giving five Shekalim to) a Kohen. Some are a Bechor regarding a Kohen, but not for inheritance...

The following are Bechoros only for inheritance...

Answer #1: In each of these Mishnayos there are many (four) matters, therefore it first discusses the first one.

Objection: Sometimes the Tana does not explain the last matter first, even when there are only two!

(Mishnah) Question: With what may animals go out with on Shabbos, and what is forbidden?

Answer: A camel may go out with...