KESUVOS 77 (25 Elul) ג€“ Dedicated in memory of Yechiel Avraham Avigdor ben Eliyahu Glaser z'l, by his brother Yisrael and family. May Avigdor's children merit to grow in Torah and Yiras Shamayim, and become sources of pride and Nachas to their father in Gan Eden.

[77a - 51 lines; 77b - 45 lines]

1)[line 1]ונכפהNICHPAH- a woman who is an epileptic

2)[line 22]מערב וצידן וראיה אחרונהM'AREV V'TZIDON V'RA'AYAH ACHRONAH - The Halachah follows the opinion of Raban Shimon ben Gamliel whenever his opinion is quoted in the Mishnah, except in these three cases:

(a)AREV (Bava Basra 173b-174a): The Chachamim rule that a loan may be given on the condition that the creditor can collect from the debtor's guarantor (Arev Kablan) before first going to the debtor. Raban Shimon ben Gamliel rules that if the debtor has property, the creditor must collect from him, even if the loan was given under the above conditions.

(b)TZIDON (Gitin 74a): It occurred once in Tzidon that a man said to his wife, "This will be a valid Get (bill of divorce) on condition that you bring to me my robe," and then the robe was lost. According to the Rabanan, the Get is annulled and void. Raban Shimon ben Gamliel maintains that she may give the value of the robe and the Get will be effective.

(c)RA'AYAH ACHRONAH (Sanhedrin 31a): The Chachamim rule that a litigant, after being instructed in Beis Din to prove his case, who says, "I do not have any proof," may not use any proof that he may subsequently find as valid evidence. (Since he already admitted to not having proof, we suspect that the documents that he brings afterwards may be forged.) Raban Shimon ben Gamliel rules that we acknowledge the possibility that he did not know about the evidence for his case at the moment that he said he did not have proof, and he may therefore use the proof he subsequently finds as valid evidence.

3)[line 24]ואלו שכופין אותו להוציאV'ELU SHE'KOFIN OSO L'HOTZI- that is, although the previous Mishnah stated that we do not force the husband to divorce his wife (according to the Tana Kama) even if he develops very conspicuous Mumim, nevertheless, since Mukah Shechin and the others listed in this Mishnah are especially foul-smelling and harder to live with, we do force them to divorce their wives (TOSFOS RID)

4)[line 24]מוכה שחיןMUKEH SHECHIN- Menuga (BARTENURA), a leper

5)[line 25]ובעל פוליפוסBA'AL POLIPUS- (a) a man who emits a bad odor through his nose; (b) a man with bad breath

6)[line 25]והמקמץHA'MEKAMETZ- (a) (lit. and one who scrapes together, collects) one who collects the excrement of dogs in order to wash clothes (RASHI here and to Bava Basra 17a, 19a); (b) one who collects the excrement of dogs in order to process hides (O.F. cordovan - a soft fine-grained leather [originally] made in Cordova, Spain) (RASHI to Chagigah 4a); (c) a small-scale tanner

7)[line 25]והמצרף נחושתHA'METZAREF NECHOSHES- (a) copper kettle smiths; (b) a copper miner; (c) one who smelts copper at the copper mine (RASHI to Chagigah 4a)

8)[line 26]והבורסיHA'BURSI- a tanner, who uses animal excrement to tan hides

9)[line 29]שממקתוSHE'MEMAKASO- [that relations with her will] cause his body to decay

10)[line 29]בצידוןB'TZIDON- in Sidon, a city on the Mediterranean coast, to the north of modern-day Israel. It was the capital of Phoenicia. It is within the northwest boundary of the Holy Land (Bamidbar 34:7).

11)[line 33]שמואל לא פסיק פומיה מכוליה פירקיןSHMUEL LO PASIK PUMEI MI'KULEI PIRKIN- Shmuel never stopped reciting our current Perek (this is a mnemonic device to remember that Shmuel is the one who defined Ba'al Polipus as a man with bad breath)

12)[line 39]חשלי דודיCHASHLEI DUDEI- kettle smiths

13)[line 40]מעיקרוME'IKARO- from its origin, i.e. from the copper mine

14)[line 42]אכסוה שערי לאלעזרACHSUHA SA'AREI L'ELAZAR!- force-feed Elazar (lit. make him chew) barley!

15a)[line 43]אין אדם דר עם נחש בכפיפהEIN ADAM DAR IM NACHASH BI'CHEFIFAH- a man cannot live together with a snake in a basket

b)[line 43]בכפיפהKEFIFAH- a basket made from reeds or sticks of wood such as willows (ARUCH)

16)[line 43]כי סליק רבי זיראKI SALIK REBBI ZEIRA- when Rebbi Zeira went up to live in Eretz Yisrael

17)[line 45]על דא אכסוה שערין לאלעזר בבבלAL DA ACHSUHA SA'ARIN L'ELAZAR B'VAVEL- for this [ruling] they force-fed [Rebbi] Elazar barley

18)[line 46]מעשיןME'ASIN- to force [men to divorce their wives]

19)[last line]במיליB'MILEI- with words (we try to talk him into divorcing her)

20)[last line]בשוטיB'SHOTEI- with rods (we beat him until he divorces her)

77b----------------------------------------77b

21)[line 1]הוינא בהדיהHAVINA BAHADEI- I will be with him

22)[line 6]דיירנא בהדיה בסהדיDAYARNA BAHADEI B'SAHADEI- I will live with him with witnesses [who will attest to the fact that I will not have marital relations with him]

23)[line 11]ובעלי ראתןBA'ALEI RA'ASAN- those with a disease associated with extreme weakness (meningitis?)

24)[line 13]ויתיקיןVISIKIN- weak

25)[line 16]דלפן עיניהDALFAN EINEI- his eyes pour out [tears]

26)[line 16]ודייבי נחיריהV'DAIVEI NECHIREI- and his nostrils drip [mucus]

27)[line 17]ואיתי ליה רירא מפומיהV'AISI LEI RIRA MI'PUMEI- and saliva exudes from his mouth

28)[line 17]ורמו דידבי עילויהV'RAMU DEIDVEI ILAVEI- and flies settle on him

29)[line 18]ומאי אסותיהU'MAI ASUSEI?- and what is his cure?

30)[line 18]פילאPILA- (O.F. poliol) pennyroyal, a type of mint

31)[line 18]ולודנאLUDNA- (O.F. aloisne) wormwood, absinth

32)[line 18]גירדא דאגוזאGIRDA D'EGOZA- walnut bark

33)[line 18]וגירדא דאשפאGIRDA D'ASHAFA- scrapings [that shoemakers scrape (ARUCH)] from hides

34)[line 19]וכליל מלכאKELIL MALKA- a rose (lit. the king's crown)

35)[line 19]ומתחלא דדיקלאU'MASCHELA D'DIKLA SAMKA- and the early shell-like growth that surrounds red dates

36)[line 19]ושליק להוV'SHALIK LEHU- and one boils them

37a)[line 20]לביתא דשישאL'BEISA D'SHISHA- to a marble house where there is no wind

b)[line 20]דשישאD'SHISHA- that of grayish-brown marble (O.F. bis - grayish brown); alt. yellow marble or alabaster

38)[line 20]לביתא דשב לבני ואריחאL'BEISA D'SHEV LIVNEI V'ARICHA- to a house the walls of which are seven bricks and half a brick thick (where each brick is three Tefachim wide)

39)[line 21]ונטיל ליהV'NATIL LEI- and one pours on him (on his head)

40)[line 21]דרפיא ארעיתא דמוחיהD'RAFYA AR'ISA D'MOCHEI- the bottom, lower part of the skull becomes soft

41)[line 22]וקרע למוחיהV'KARA L'MOCHEI- and the surgeon cuts the skull

42)[line 22]טרפי דאסאTARPEI D'ASA- myrtle leaves

43)[line 22]ומדלי כל חד כרעאU'MADLI KOL CHAD KAR'A- and he lifts each leg up

44)[line 22]ומותיב חדU'MOSIV CHAD- and then puts it down (i.e. one by one)

45)[line 22]ושקיל בצבתאV'SHAKIL B'TZAVSA- and he removes it with tweezers or tongs (O.F. tenailles)

46)[line 22]וקלי ליהV 'KALI LEI- and he burns it

47)[line 23]לא הוה יתיב בזיקיהLO HAVAH YASIV B'ZIKEI- would not sit in a place where one wind could blow on him and the Ba'al Ra'asan at the same time

48)[line 24]מביעי דההיא מבואהMI'BEI'EI D'HA'HI MAVO'AH- from eggs that hatched in the alleyway [in which a Ba'al Ra'asan lived]

49)[line 24]מיכרך בהו ועסיק בתורהMICHRACH BEHU V'ASIK B'TORAH- would mingle with them and learn Torah

50)[line 25]"אילת אהבים ויעלת חן""AYELES AHAVIM V'YA'ALAS CHEN..."- "[Like] a beloved doe who finds favor...." (Mishlei 5:19) - Rebbi Yehoshua ben Levi understood this verse to be referring to Torah.

51)[line 25]אגוני לא מגנאA GUNEI LO MAGNA?- Does it not protect [those who study it]?

52)[line 26]עביד ליה רעותיהAVID LEI RE'USEI- grant him whatever he desires

53)[line 26]אחוי לי דוכתאיACHAVI LI DUCHTAI- show me my place [in Gan Eden]

54)[line 26]לחייLECHAYEI- Very well!; Fine!

55)[line 26]דלמא מבעתת לי באורחאDILMA MEVA'ASAS LI B'URCHA- perhaps you will frighten me on the way

56)[line 27]דלייהDALYEI- he (the Angel of Death) lifted him up

57)[line 27]קא מחוי ליהKA MECHAVI LEI- he was showing it to him

58)[line 27]שוור נפל לההוא גיסאSHAVAR, NAFAL L'HA'HU GISA- he jumped over the wall and landed on the other side (in Gan Eden)

59)[line 27]נקטיה בקרנא דגלימיהNAKTEI B'KARNA DI'GELIMEI- [the Mal'ach ha'Maves] grabbed him by the corner of his cloak

60)[line 28]א''ל בשבועתא דלא אתינאAMAR LEI BI'SHEVU'ASA D'LO ASINA- Rebbi Yehoshua ben Levi said to him, "By an oath, I will not come out!"

61)[line 28]אי איתשיל אשבועתא ניהדרIY ITSHIL A'SHEVU'ASA, NIHADAR- if during his lifetime he ever asked a Chacham to revoke a vow of his, then he should go back out of Gan Eden

62)[line 30]דמיתבעא לברייתאD'MISBE'A L'VARYASA- because it is needed for all living beings

63)[line 30]פנו מקום לבר ליואיPENU MAKOM L'VAR LIVA'I!- Make way for the son of Levi!

64)[line 31]תכטקי פיזאTACHTAKEI PIZA- golden armchairs

65)[line 32]קשתKESHES- a rainbow

66)[line 32]דלא הואי מידיD'LO HAVEI MIDI- there actually was no [rainbow in his lifetime]

67)[line 32]סבר לא אחזיק טיבותא לנפשאיSAVAR, LO ACHAZIK TIVUSA L'NAFSHAI- but he thought, "I will not take credit for myself"

68)[line 33]שושביניה הוהSHUSHVINEI HAVAH- he was the close friend [of the Angel of Death]

69)[line 33]כי הוה קא ניחא נפשיהKI HAVAH KA NAICHA NAFSHEI- (lit. when his soul was going to rest) when he was about to die

70)[line 34]שבקיSHAVKI- leave me alone

71)[line 34]דנהדר תלמודאיD'NEHADER L'TALMUDA'I- so that I can review my Torah learning

72)[line 37]מי איכרכת בבעלי ראתןMI IKARCHAS B'VA'ALEI RA'ASAN- did you mingle with those that suffer from Ra'asan?

73)[line 38]אפסיק ליה עמודא דנוראAFSIK LEI AMUDA D'NURA- a pillar of fire [rose and] separated him [from the rest of the people]

74)[line 38]וגמיריU'GEMIREI- and we know by tradition

75)[line 40]איסתלקISTALAK- the pillar of fire went away

76)[line 41]לאפוקי ממאן דלא קייםL'AFUKEI MI'MAN D'LO KIYEM- [the pillar of fire rose] to keep away those who did not keep the entire Torah

77)[line 42]מעקה לאיגריהMA'AKEH L'IGREI- a fence for his roof. The Torah (Devarim 22:8) commands that a fence be built around the roof of one's home (or balcony) in order to prevent one from falling off.

78)[line 42]דשדייה זיקאD'SHADYEI ZIKA- the wind blew it down

79)[line 43]תרדיןTERADIN- beets

80)[line 43]שכר של היזמיSHECHAR SHEL HIZMEI- beer made from hops that grow between prickly shrubs (prob. Spina Regia)

81)[line 44]במי פרתB'MEI PRAS- in the waters of the Euphrates River