(Mishnah) (R. Yehoshua): Black figs annul white figs and vice-versa. Large round fig cakes annul small ones and vice-versa. Round ones annul square ones and vice-versa.

R. Eliezer prohibits.

(R. Akiva): If it's known what fell, they cannot annul each other; if it's not known, they can annul each other.

How is this? If there was a mixture of 50 black figs and 50 white figs and a black fig fell into it, all of the black figs are prohibited and the white ones are permitted. If a white fig fell in, all of the whites are prohibited and the blacks are permitted. When it is unknown, (all of the 100 figs combine to) annul the fig that fell in. It's in this case that R. Eliezer was stringent and R. Yehoshua was lenient.

And in the following case R. Eliezer is lenient and R. Yehoshua is stringent - if a person pressed a Litra of dried Terumah figs onto the mouth of a jug that contains 100 Chulin figs (and there were many more jugs that also contained 100 Chulin figs) and he doesn't know to which jug he pressed the dried Terumah figs...

(R. Eliezer): We view all of the dried figs as if they are detached (from the jug) and are mixed together, and the lower ones annul the upper ones.

(R. Yehoshua): It does not annul unless there are 100 jugs.

(Gemara) (R. Isi citing R. Yochanan): R. Eliezer's reasoning is that when the black figs fell into the white ones, since he may eat the white ones, how can the white ones join to annul the black ones?

(R. Elazar): This was in fact R. Eliezer's response to R. Yehoshua - how could the white ones join to annul the black ones (if he's able to eat the white ones)?!

From this response of R. Eliezer, R. Yehoshua must say that even if the color of the fig that fell was known, the figs of the other color combine to annul it.

(Kahana): No, R. Yehoshua agrees that in that case, the other color does not combine to annul.

Question: According to Kahana, over which case do R. Yehoshua and R. Akiva disagree?

Answer: When he knew its color and later forgot it. According to R. Yehoshua, it is annulled; according to R. Akiva, it is not annulled.

(Shimon bar Ba citing R. Yochanan): The white ones annul only when one black fig fell into two black ones (as well as white ones), so that it is annulled in a majority.

Question (R. Zeira to R. Mana): Logically, wouldn't it need to fall into three black ones, so that after one is taken and given to the Kohen, there are two to be a majority against the Terumah...?

Answer (R. Mana): I agree.

(Bar Padiya): According to R. Yehoshua, the white ones combine when he grinds them all down, which is permitted (since Terumah nowadays is a Rabbinic obligation). And even though Bar Padiya said that only liquids such as wine and oil fully mix (but not solids), he agrees here that the figs do mix.

The following Amoraim disagree with R. Shimon ba Ba's earlier teaching ((k) above)...

Question (Kahana to Shmuel): (The Mishnah in Maseches Challah teaches that if a mixture became forbidden through Terumah falling into it, it is exempt from Challah.) Surely this should only apply when the majority of the mixture was Terumah, otherwise it would be annulled on a Torah level and would be obligated in Challah...?

(Shmuel): I agree, but when you go to Eretz Yisrael, ask the Sages there. When he went there, he heard the statement of R. Yosi citing R. Yochanan that even if the Se'ah of Terumah fell into 99 Se'ah of Chulin, it is exempt from Challah.

(R. Abahu): R. Shimon ben Lakish asked R. Yochanan - How could that Se'ah of Terumah exempt the 99 of Chulin if on a Torah level, it is annulled in the majority?

(R. Yochanan to R. Shimon ben Lakish): Since the Mishnah taught that small fig cakes can annul large ones, is it certain that the one that was Terumah came into his hand so that the others are permitted? Rather, since Terumah nowadays is Rabbinic, they were lenient to allow it to annul in such a case. Here also, since Challah is Rabbinic nowadays, the Rabbinic Terumah mixture should exempt it from Challah.

And if R. Yochanan would reason that R. Yehoshua permits the small cakes in the large cakes only if there are two small ones to make a majority, why didn't R. Shimon ben Lakish respond that the Mishnah of fig cakes has annulment because of the majority, which is not the case for the Se'ah of Terumah...?

(R. Yona & R. Yosi citing R. Zeira): Not only for fig cakes (where the obligation is only ever Rabbinic), but even for different colored wheats (where its obligation is theoretically from the Torah), they allowed grinding to permit them.

If there were 20 figs and a fig of Terumah fell and was lost inside them and then one of the 21 were lost...

(R. Shimon ben Lakish): The Terumah is annulled in the majority (rather than requiring 101, since one of them was lost, and it could have been the Terumah).

(R. Yochanan): All of them became prohibited when it fell and they cannot be permitted.

R. Yochanan agrees that if after the Terumah fell in, he separated Terumah from the mixture for elsewhere; we assume that he took from the Chulin. Alternatively, if he added another 80 figs, they all combine to annul the Terumah in 101.

(R. Shimon ben Lakish citing R. Hoshiya): If a barrel of Terumah fell into a collection of 150 closed Chulin barrels (their importance prevents the Terumah barrel from becoming annulled). If 100 of the barrels were opened, the 100 barrels become permitted and the other 50 remain prohibited. They only become permitted when they are also opened.

(R. Zeira): We've only been discussing when they were opened, but ideally, it is prohibited to open them.

(R. Zeira citing R. Padaya): Definite Terumah prohibits until 100 Chulin and doubtful Terumah prohibits until 50.

Question: According to that, if it fell into more than 50, it should be permitted; but R. Yochanan said earlier ((r) 2.) that they all become prohibited?

Answer: Until 50, a majority may be added until there is 100; but if it fell into more than 50 and one of them was lost, the Terumah is immediately annulled.

(Rav Chuna): When the Mishnah taught that large fig cakes annul small ones, it means that if there were 50 small ones and 25 large ones (each of which was double the weight of a small one), since there is a total weight of 100 compared to the one small Terumah cake, it is annulled. And the small ones can annul the large ones with number. (If one large Terumah cake fell into 50 large ones and 50 small ones, since there is a total of 100 compared to the Terumah, it is annulled.)