(Mishnah): From ha'Modi'os and closer [to Yerushalayim], people are believed about Kli Cheres. From ha'Modi'os and outside, they are not believed.

How is this? A potter who sells pots, if he entered within ha'Modi'os, if he is the same potter [who made the pots] and they are the same pots, and they are the same buyers (Chaverim saw that he brought them), he is believed. If he left, he is not believed.

(Gemara): Our Mishnah discusses small Klei Cheres (but not barrels).

Support (Mishnah): He is the same potter, they are the same Kedeiros, and they are the same buyers. Are not Kedeiros small Klei Cheres?!

If Taharos touched [a pot even] from Modi'os and closer [to Yerushalayim], the Taharos are Tahor. From Modi'os and outside, the Taharos are Tamei.

If a Kli is full of water, Reish Lakish says, he is believed about the Kli, and he is not believed about the water;

(R. Yochanan): He is believed about this and this.

Question (against Reish Lakish - Mishnah): If he told him "I put into it a Revi'is of Kodesh'', he is believed. (Since he is believed about Kodesh, he is believed also about Terumah. We should say similarly that since he is believed about the Kli, he is believed also about the water!)

Answer #1 (R. Ze'irah): [There] is when he says "when I was a Chaver [among Chaverim], I put into it.''

Answer #2 (Rabanan of Kisarin citing R. Bun bar Chiyah): Reish Lakish holds that we do not consider [an Am ha'Aretz to be like] a Chaver regarding water. (It is easy to get water. There is no need to be lenient.)

(Mishnah): If Gaba'im (Yisraelim who collect the king's tax) entered a house, and similarly if thieves returned Kelim, they are believed to say "we did not touch.''

In Yerushalayim they are believed about Kodesh, and at the time of the festival, even about Terumah.

(Gemara - Mishnah): If Gaba'im entered a house, [the house] is Tamei. If there is a Nochri with them, they are believed to say "we entered, but we did not touch'' (they fear to touch anything other than what they take for the king).

Two explanations were given.

Explanation #1: [There,] they are believed to say "we entered, but we did not touch'' [only if a Nochri is with them. This is even] when there are witnesses who know [that they entered].

Explanation #2: [There] they are believed to say "we entered, but we did not touch'' - this comes to teach only that there are witnesses who know [that they entered, even so they are believed when a Nochri is with them];

Our Mishnah teaches that in Yerushalayim they are believed even about Kodesh, even if witnesses know [that they entered. We explained this like RIDVAZ.)

(R. Yehoshua ben Levi): "Yerushalayim ha'Benuyah k'Ir she'Chubrah Lah Yachdav'' - it is a city that makes all of Yisrael Chaverim.

Question: If so, [we should say so] even at other times of the year!

Answer (R. Ze'irah): This is only when [the next verse is fulfilled] "she'Sham Alu Shevatim.''

(Mishnah): One who opens his barrel and begins his dough [to sell to people during] the Regel - R. Yehudah says, he may finish it (even after the Regel, it is Tahor);

Chachamim say, he may not finish it (after the Regel, it is Tamei, for Amei ha'Aretz touched it).

After the Regel, we are Ma'avir (the coming Mishnah explains this) for Taharah of the Azarah. If the Regel ended on Erev Shabbos, they were not Ma'avir, due to Kevod Shabbos.

R. Yehudah says, even [if the Regel ended] on Thursday [they were not Ma'avir,], for the Kohanim do not have time.

(Gemara - R. Chananyah citing R. Yochanan): [R. Yehudah holds that] they permitted the end due to the beginning. If you will say that he may not finish, he will not open [to sell].

Question: Let him not open! (Why must we be lenient to encourage him to open?)

Answer: This will decrease Simchas ha'Regel.

(R. Shmuel bar Nachman citing R. Yonason): What do they argue about? They argue about a barrel of wine, but a barrel of oil, all agree that he may not finish. (Oil is not needed for Simchas ha'Regel (HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA). And there is no loss if the rest is Tamei, for he may burn it (GILYON HA'SHAS) or leave it for the coming Regel, and its taste will not wane (PNEI MOSHE).) h

Question: What does he do [with a barrel of wine after the Regel, according to Chachamim]?

Answer #1 (R. Chiyah - Beraisa): He pours out [the wine, but the barrel is Tahor].

Answer #2 (Bar Kaparah - Beraisa): He breaks it (also the barrel is Tamei).

Answer #3 (R. Chalifta bar Sha'ul - Beraisa): He leaves it for the coming Regel. (We explained this like SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL, ALEI TAMAR.)

(R. Simon citing R. Yehoshua ben Levi): If Yom Tov (Acharon, or Shavu'os) fell on Erev Shabbos, one may finish [what he began during the Regel] on Shabbos, for Shabbos after the Regel is like the Regel. (We explained this like SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL.)

Support (R. Ze'irah - Beraisa): Erev Pesach is like Pesach. Yom Tevo'ach is like Shavu'os.

(R. Chananyah): We learned a bigger Chidush! R. Yehudah says, even [if the Regel ended] on Thursday [they were not Ma'avir, and everything is still considered Tahor through Shabbos], for the Kohanim do not have time.