WHY THE TORAH LISTED LIABILITIES FOR FIRE (Yerushalmi Perek 6 Halachah 5 Daf 28b)
îúðé' äùåìç àú äáòéøä åàëìä òöéí àå àáðéí àå òôø çééá ùðàîø [ùîåú ëá ä] ëé úöà àù åîöàä ÷åöéí åâå'
(Mishnah): If Reuven sent a fire, and it consumed wood, stones or dirt, he is liable - "when a fire will go and find thorns, and consume a stack, Kamah (standing crop) or the field, the one who burned will pay.''
òáøä âãø ùäåà âáåä àøáò àîåú àå ãøê äøáéí àå ðäø ôèåø:
If [a fire] passed a wall of four Amos, Derech ha'Rabim (a public road) or a river, he is exempt (for what burned on the other side).
âî' îä ÷åöéí îéåçãéï ùãøëï ìéãì÷ àó àéï ìé àìà ãáøéí ùãøëï ìéãì÷ ú''ì âãéù.
(Gemara) Just like thorns burn [quickly], I would know that [one is liable] only for things that normally burn. Therefore, it says "a stack'';
àé îä âãéù îéåçã ùúìåù îï ä÷ø÷ò àó àéï ìé àìà ãáø ùúìåù îï ä÷ø÷ò úìîåã ìåîø ÷îä.
Just like a stack is detached from the ground, I would know only something detached from the ground. Therefore, it says "Kamah'';
àå îä àéìå åàéìå îéåçãéï ùãøëï ìéãì÷ àó àéï ìé àìà ãáø ùãøëå ìéãì÷. ìéçëä ðéøå ñéôñôä àáðéå [ãó ëè òîåã à] îðééï úìîåã ìåîø àå äùãä.
Just like these and these normally burn, I would know that [one is liable] only for things that normally burn. What is the source to obligate for scorching a plowed field or rocks? It says "Oh ha'Sadeh.''
åéàîø ÷åöéí ÷îä ùãä åàì éàîø âãéù
Question: The Torah could have written only thorns, Kamah and a field. Why did it need a stack?
[ãó ëä òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] òì ãòúéä ãøáé éåãï ðéçà ãàîø îùìí ëì îä ùáúåëå
Answer - part 1: This is fine for R. Yehudah. He says that one pays for everything in it
åòì ãòúéä ãøáðéï ãàîø àéðå îùìí àìà âãéù çèéí (ùãä) [ö''ì âãéù - äâäåú ø' éåñó ãéððòø] ùòåøéí ìàé æä ãáø ðàîø âãéù (åìàé æä ãáø ðàîø âãéù - äâäåú ø' éåñó ãéððòø îåç÷å)
Question: According to Rabanan, who say that one pays for a stack of wheat or a stack of barley, why does it say a stack? (This is not answered. We explained this like HAGAHOS R. DINAR.)
WHAT KIND OF FIRE OUR MISHNAH DISCUSSES (Yerushalmi Perek 6 Halachah 5 Daf 29a)
òáøä âãø ùâáåää àøáò àîåú àå ãøê äøáéí àå ðäø ôèåø
(Mishnah): If it passed a wall of four Amos, Derech ha'Rabim or a river, he is exempt.
àîø (øáä) [ö''ì øá - ðúéáåú éøåùìéí, äâäåú ø' éåñó ãéððòø] á÷åãçú äéà îúðéúà àáì áî÷èôú (ãáøé äëì - îäø''à ôåìãà îåç÷å) çééá
(Rav): Our Mishnah discusses a fire that goes up, but if it goes along the ground, he is liable.
øáé éåçðï àîø áî÷èôú äéà îúðéúà àáì á÷åãçú ôèåø:
(R. Yochanan): Our Mishnah discusses a fire that goes along the ground, but if it goes up, he is exempt [if it passed a wall or path of any size].
LIABILITY FOR A FIRE THAT SPREAD (Yerushalmi Perek 6 Halachah 6 Daf 29a)
îúðé' äîãìé÷ áúåê ùìå òã ëîä úòáåø äãìé÷ä
(Mishnah) Question: If one lit a fire in his own premises (and it spread to his neighbor), how far must it be from the fire to his neighbor [to be exempt]?
ø' àìòæø áï òæøéä àåîø øåàéï àåúí ëàéìå äéà áàîöò áéú ëåø
Answer #1 (R. Elazar ben Azaryah): It must be like the distance from the middle of a Beis Kor (to the edge, about 137 Amos);
ø' ìéòæø àåîø ùù òùøä àîä ëãøê äøáéí
Answer #2 (R. Eliezer): It must be 16 Amos, like Reshus ha'Rabim;
åøáé ò÷éáä àåîø çîùéí àîä
Answer #3 (R. Akiva): It must be 50 Amos;
åø''ù àåîø [ùîåú ëá ä] ùìí éùìí äîáòéø àú äáòéøä äëì ìôé äîãìé÷:
Answer #4 (R. Shimon): "The one who burned the fire will pay'' - it is according to the fire.
âî' úðé îòùä ùòáøä ãìé÷ä àú äéøãï ùäéúä ÷ùä.
(Gemara) Beraisa: A case occurred in which a fire passed the Yarden river, for it was a severe fire.
òã ëîä úòáø äãìé÷ä
Question: How far must [a fire] spread [to be exempt]?
øáé ìéòæø àåîø ùù òùøä àîä ëãøê äøáéí áùòú äøåç ùìùéí
Answer #1 (R. Eliezer): It must be 16 Amos, like Reshus ha'Rabim. At a time of wind, it must be 30 [Amos].
àîä øáé éäåãä àåîø ùìùéí àîä áùòú äøåç çîùéí
Answer #2 (R. Yehudah): It is 30 Amos. At a time of wind, it must be 50 [Amos].
àîä øáé ò÷éáä àåîø çîùéí àîä áùòú äøåç îàä àîä.
Answer #2 (R. Akiva): It must be 50 Amos. At a time of wind, it must be 100 [Amos].
îòùä áòøá ù÷ôõ äàåø éåúø îùìùä îàåú àîä
A case occurred in Arev (a place) in which a fire passed more than 300 Amos.
àéîúé áæîï ù÷ôõ àáì àí äéå òöéí îöåééï ìôðéå àå ùäéä îñôñó åäåìê àôéìå òã îéì çééá.
When [does the Shi'ur exempt]? It is when [the fire] jumped, but if there was wood available in front of it, or it was going along burning [grass], he is liable even up to a Mil (2000 Amos. This is like R. Shimon - SEDEI YEHOSHUA.)
òáøä ðäø àå ùìåìéú øçáéï ùîåðä àîåú ôèåø:
If it passed a river or irrigation channel, and it is eight Amos wide, he is exempt.