Mishnah 1
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1)

(a)What is a 'Zayis ha'Netufah be'Sha'ato'?

(b)What does the Mishnah say about it (regarding Shikchah)?

(c)How does the Tana learn this from the Pasuk "ve'Shachachta Omer ba'Sadeh"?

(d)This Halachah covers three areas 'bi'Shemo, be'Ma'asav u'vi'Mekomo'. What is an example of ...

1. ... 'bi'Shemo"?

2. ... 'Ma'asav'?

3. ... 'Mekomo'?

1)

(a)A 'Zayis ha'Netufah be'Sha'ato' is - an olive-tree which tends to drip oil, but only some years ...

(b)... which the Mishnah considers special, and Patur from Shikchah ...

(c)... because the Pasuk writes "ve'Shachachta Omer ba'Sadeh", from which Chazal learn that only an ordinary tree that is always likely to be forgotten is subject to Shikchah (but not one that is sometimes bound to be remembered).

(d)This Halachah covers three areas ...

1. ... 'bi'Shemo" (due to its nick-name) - if, for example, it is commonly known as a 'Shafchani' (one whose olives are constantly dripping oil) or a 'Bishni' (which produces so much oil that it puts the other trees to shame.

2. ... be'Ma'asav' (due to its factual deeds) - if it produces an abundance of olives.

3. ... bi'Mekomo' (its location) - if it situated for example, beside a wine-press or beside a breach in the fence.

2)

(a)Who is the author of the Mishnah 've'Sha'ar Kol ha'Zeisim Shenayim Shikchah, Sheloshah, Einan Shikchah'?

(b)What does Rebbi Yossi say about olive-trees in general? Why is that?

(c)Then why will he concede that nowadays olive-trees are no different than any other trees?

(d)By the same token, what do we say (in connection with the Reisha of the Mishnah) there where someone's trees are all 'Shafchani' or 'Bishni'?

2)

(a)The author of the Mishnah 've'Sha'ar Kol ha'Zeisim Shenayim Shikchah, Sheloshah, Einan Shikchah' - is Beis-Hillel (as we learned in the previous Perek).

(b)Rebbi Yossi says that olive-trees in general - are not subject to Shikchah (because in his time they were still scarce, following the Emperor Hadrian's destruction of the land.

(c)He will therefore concede that nowadays olive-trees are no different than any other trees - since they have re-grown, and are no longer scarce.

(d)By the same token - we will declare someone whose trees are all 'Shafchani' or 'Bishni' subject to Shikchah.

Mishnah 2
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3)

(a)Our Mishnah discusses three rows of olive-trees, assuming that each row is divided by a Milb'nah. What is a Milb'nah?

(b)What does the Tana rule with regard to ...

1. ... the middle tree in the middle row? Why is that?

2. ... an olive-tree that produces two Sa'ah?

(c)What does the Tana say about a 'Zayis ha'Netufah be'Sha'ato' (which we discussed in the previous Mishnah)? Under which circumstances is it subject to Shikchah?

(d)When will it not be subject to Shikchah even if he one did begin harvesting the olives?

3)

(a)Our Mishnah discusses three rows of olive-trees, assuming that each row is divided by a Milb'nah - a square (meaning in effect, that there are three rows of three trees, each one equidistant from the other [see Tosfos Anshei Shem]).

(b)The Tana rules that ...

1. ... the middle tree in the middle row - is not subject to Shikchah, because it is sort of hidden by the trees that surround it (see other commentaries of the Mishnah).

2. ... an olive-tree that produces two Sa'ah - is not subject to Shikchah, either (see Perek 6, Mishnah 6).

(c)He also says that a 'Zayis ha'Netufah be'Sha'ato' (which we discussed in the previous Mishnah) is subject to Shikchah - once he has started harvesting it ...

(d)... provided it does not produce two Sa'ah. If It does, then It is not subject to Shikchah under any circumstances.

4)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, at which stage do the olives that the owner forgot on top of the olive-tree become Shikchah?

(b)Rebbi Meir is more lenient. What does he say?

(c)Like whom is the Halachah?

4)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, the olives forgotten by the owner on top of the olive-tree become Shikchah - only once the picker moves on after there are no more olives underneath the tree.

(b)Rebbi Meir is more lenient. He says - that they only become Shikchah once the harvester has examined the nooks and crannies in the vicinity of the tree and is satisfied that there are no more olives left there.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

Mishnah 3
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5)

(a)What is the definition of 'Peret'? To which fruit does it pertain?

(b)What does the Tana say about ...

1. ... grapes that got caught in the leaves of the vine during picking, and fell on to the ground?

2. ... someone who places his basket underneath the vine to catch falling grapes?

(c)In what connection does he quote the Pasuk in Mishlei "Al Taseg G'vul Olim"?

5)

(a)'Peret' is - the loose grapes that fall during the harvest.

(b)The Tana rules that ...

1. ... grapes that got caught in the leaves of the vine during picking, and fell on to the ground - belong to the owner (because they did not fall as a direct result of the picking).

2. ... someone who places his basket underneath the vine to catch falling grapes - is stealing from the poor.

(c)He quotes the Pasuk in Mishlei "Al Taseg G'vul Olim" - which indicates the same thing (even though technically speaking, he has stolen from Hefker rather than from anyone in particular).

Mishnah 4
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6)

(a)In connection with what does the Torah prescribe the Mitzvah of Olelos?

(b)The Tana defines Olelos as whatever has neither Katef nor Nataf. What is ...

1. ... 'Katef'?

2. ... 'Nataf'?

(c)To whom will a cluster belong if ...

1. ... it has either one or the other?

2. ... one is uncertain whether it is Olelos or not?

(d)Under which circumstances will a branch that contains both full clusters and Olelos belong to the owner?

6)

(a)The Torah prescribes the Mitzvah of Olelos - in connection with grapes.

(b)The Tana defines Olelos as whatever has neither ...

1. ... 'Katef' - small clusters of grapes coming off the central stem (like shoulders), nor ...

2. ... 'Nataf' - the grapes that hang from the foot of the stem (like drops).

(c)A cluster that ...

1. ... has either one or the other - belongs to the owner.

2. ... one is uncertain as to whether it is Olelos or not - belongs to the poor.

(d)A branch that contains both full clusters and Olelos belongs to the owner - if when he cuts off the cluster, he inevitably cuts of the Olelos together with it.

7)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah and the Chachamim argue over a Gargar Yechidi. What is a 'Gargar Yechidi' in this case?

(b)Rebbi Yehudah defines a 'Gargar Yechidi' as 'Eshkol'. How does he learn this from the Pasuk in Yeshayah "ve'Nish'ar bo Olelos ke'Nokef Zayis Shenayim Sheloshah Gargerim"?

(c)What do the Chachamim say?

(d)Like whom is the Halachah?

7)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Meir argue over a Gargar Yechidi - a cluster of grapes whose grapes all grow off the middle stem, but in a thick bunch (see Tiferes Yisrael).

(b)Rebbi Yehudah considers a 'Gargar Yechidi' as 'Eshkol' (a cluster, which is Patur from Olelos). He learns this from the Pasuk in Yeshayah "ve'Nish'ar bo Olelos ke'Nokef Zayis Shenayim Sheloshah Gargerim" - implying that two or three grapes are called 'Olelos', but more than that, 'Ehskol'.

(c)The Chachamim considers it - Olelos (because they do not consider single grapes (however many) important enough to be considered an Eshkol), and is therefore Olelos..

(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

Mishnah 5
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8)

(a)The Tana now discusses 'ha'Madal bi'Gefanim'. What does 'ha'Mada bi'Gefanim'' mean?

(b)Rebbi Yehudah permits the owner to do this to grapes that belong to the poor, just like he does it to his own. To which of the Matnos Aniyim does this apply?

(c)What does Rebbi Meir say?

(d)What is the basis of their Machlokes?

(e)Like whom is the Halachah?

8)

(a)The Tana now discusses 'ha'Madal bi'Gefanim' - which means pruning (the excessive branches).

(b)Rebbi Yehudah permits the owner to do this to grapes that belong to the poor - with reference to Pe'ah and Olelos (just like he does it to his own.

(c)Rebbi Meir - forbids him to prune the sections that belong to the poor ...

(d)... because he considers the poor to be independent owners (whose property he has no authority to touch - whereas Rebbi Yehudah considers them partners.

(e)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yehudah.

Mishnah 6
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9)

(a)What is a 'Kerem R'vai'? To which other Mitzvah is it similar?

(b)What do we learn from the Pasuk in Kedoshim (in connection with Neta Revai) "Kodesh Hilulim la'Hashem"?

(c)According to Beis Shamai, the fruit of Kerem Revai is subject to Chomesh or Biyur. What do Beis Hillel say? From which 'Gezeirah-Shavah' do they learn it?

(d)What is the meaning of ...

1. ... 'Chomesh'?

2. ... 'Biyur', and when is it performed?

(e)On what grounds do Beis Shamai then argue?

9)

(a)A 'Kerem R'vai' - is the fourth-year fruit of a vineyard, which must be taken to Yerushalayim and eaten there (like Ma'aser Sheni).

(b)We learn from the Pasuk in Kedoshim (in connection with Neta R'vai) "Kodesh Hilulim la'Hashem" - that one has the option of redeeming it and taking the money there instead ('Achleih ve'Hadar Achleih').

(c)According to Beis Shamai, the fruit of Kerem R'vai is not subject to Chomesh or Biyur. Beis Hillel hold that they are, and they learn it from the 'Gezeirah-Shavah' of "Kodesh Kodesh" from Ma'aser Sheni.

(d)The meaning of ...

1. ... 'Chomesh' is - adding an extra twenty-five percent (which is equivalent to twenty percent of the total).

2. ... 'Biyur' is - that if it has not yet been separated and taken to Yerushalayim, it must be cleared out of the house on Erev Pesach of the fourth or the seventh year.

(e)Beis Shamai - do not hold of the 'Gezeirah-Shavah'.

10)

(a)Why do Beis Shamai declare the fruit of Kerem R'vai subject to Peret and Olelos?

(b)What are the poor obligated to do with it once they have collected it?

(c)What do Beis Hillel (based on the same 'Gezeirah-Shavah') say?

10)

(a)Beis Shamai declare the fruit of Kerem R'vai subject to Peret and Olelos - because they consider it to be regular Chulin.

(b)Once the poor have collected it however - they are obligated to redeem the fruit for themselves and to take the money to Yerushalayim (see Tiferes Yisrael).

(c)Based on the same 'Gezeirah-Shavah', Beis Hillel say - that Kerem R'vai is Kadosh (like Ma'aser Sheini), and that it is not subject to Peret and Olelos.

Mishnah 7
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11)

(a)According to Rebbi Eliezer, a vineyard that is entirely 'Olelos' belongs to the owner. What does Rebbi Akiva say?

(b)How does Rebbi Eliezer learn his ruling from the Pasuk in Ki Setzei "Ki Sivtzor ... Lo Se'olel"?

(c)What constitutes a harvest?

11)

(a)According to Rebbi Eliezer, a vineyard that is entirely 'Olelos' belongs to the owner. Rebbi Akiva rules - that it goes to the poor.

(b)Rebbi Eliezer learns his ruling from the Pasuk in Ki Setzei "ki Sivtzor ... Lo Se'olel" - to mean that it is only if there is a harvest, there are Olelos (but not if there is not).

(c)A harvest - comprises three clusters of grapes each of which can produce a Revi'is (one and a half egg-volumes) of wine.

12)

(a)How does Rebbi Akiva learn his ruling from the Pasuk in Kedoshim "ve'Charmecha Lo Se'olel"?

(b)What does he then learn from "Ki Sivtzor ... Lo Se'olel"?

(c)What does Rebbi Eliezer learn from "ve'Charmecha Lo Se'olel"?

12)

(a)Rebbi Akiva learns his ruling from the Pasuk in Kedoshim "ve'Charm'echa Lo Se'olel" - which implies that even if the entire field consists of Olelos, one must leave it for the poor.

(b)And from "ki Sivtzor ... Lo Se'olel" he learns - that the poor are forbidden to collect Olelos before the harvest has begun.

(c)Rebbi Eliezer learns from "ve'Charmecha Lo Se'olel" - that even though the poor are forbidden to collect Olelos before the harvest has begun (see Tosfos Yom-Tov), the owner is not permitted to collect it, either.

Mishnah 8
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13)

(a)What does the Tana say about someone who declares his vineyard Hekdesh before the Olelos are discernible?

(b)Once they are discernible, the Tana Kama rules that they belong to the poor (his declaration is invalid). What does Rebbi Yossi obligate the owner to do?

13)

(a)The Tana rules that if someone declares his field Hekdesh before the Olelos are discernable - the poor are no longer permitted to collect there.

(b)Once they are discernable however, the Tana Kama rules that (his declaration is invalid, on account of the principle 'Ein Adam Makdish Davar she'Eino she'Lo', and) the Olelos belong to the poor (see Tosfos Yom-Tov). Rebbi Yossi obligates the owner - to pay to Hekdesh the value of the grapes for as long as they continue to grow in the field (see Tosfos Yom-Tov).

14)

(a)The Tana now draws a distinction between 'Shikchah be'Aris' and 'Shikchah be'Rigliyos'. What do the two terms mean?

(b)How does he then define Shikchah ...

1. ... be'Aris?

2. ... be'Rigliyos?

(c)What is the reason for the latter ruling?

14)

(a)The Tana now draws a distinction between 'Shikchah be'Aris' - vines that are growing on a trellis, and Shikchah be'Rigliyos' - that are growing on the ground.

(b)He defines Shikchah ...

1. ... be'Aris as - whatever is out of reach once he has passed the end of the trellis.

2. ... be'Rigliyos as - once he has passed the last vine (even if it is within reach).

(c)The reason for this distinction is based on the fact that one is forbidden to return to the previous row, and each individual vine (that is not on a trellis) is considered an independent row (see Tosfos Yom-Tov and Tiferes Yisrael).