1)

(a)Only clothes made of sheep's wool and linen (and leather) are subject to Nega'im.

(b)When the Tana states 'All clothes are subject to Nega'im barring ... , he is coming to preclude - clothes belonging to a Nochri, but to include ...

(c)... clothes belonging to ...

1. ... Nashim and Avadim and ...

2. ... Ketanim (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)The K'lal 'All clothes ... ' includes clothes - belonging to a Ger Toshav (who stringently adheres to all seven Mitzvos of the No'ahide code [see also previous Tos. Yom-Tov]).

2)

(a)Clothes that already have a Mar'eh that one purchases from a Nochri - must be considered Tamei starting from the time of the sale (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(b)... because the clothes concerned are intrinsically fit to become Tamei, and it is only due to the owner's status that they were not declared Tamei at the outset.

3)

(a)Clothes that are made from the skin of fish - are not subject to Nega'im.

(b)We learn this from the Pasuk "la'Pishtim ve'la'Tzemer O be'Or" - which compares clothes made of skin to those made of wool and linen, species which grow from the ground (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)One thread of animal-skin added to such a garment will suffice to render it subject to Nega'im (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)However - it must be well-fixed (i.e. double-threaded) to be effective (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

4)

(a)A garment that is made of camel's wool - is not subject to Tum'as Nega'im (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)A garment that is made from a combination of threads of sheep's wool and camel's wool is ...

1. ... subject to Tum'as Nega'im - provided the former comprises the majority.

2. ... not subject to Tum'as Nega'im - if it is the latter that comprises the majority.

(c)If it is exactly half - it is as if the majority comprised sheep's wool.

(d)The Tana rules that if a garment is made from a combination of threads of linen and hemp - the same set of rules apply as one that is made of sheep's wool and camel's wool (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

5)

(a)The Mishnah rules that dyed clothes made of ...

1. ... leather or of ...

2. ... wool or linen - are not subject to Nega'im ...

(b)... even if they are naturally colored.

(c)We learn this ruling (with regard to wool and linen garments) from the Pasuk - "be'Veged Tzemer O be'Veged Pishtim", which compares woolen garments to linen ones (and "Beged Pishtim" implies a natural [white] one [see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'ha'Oros ... ').

(d)According to R. Meir, any color house is subject to Tum'as Nega'im. R. Yehudah subsequently maintains that the same applies to leather clothes (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

6)

(a)R. Shimon differentiates between naturally-colored skins (which are subject to Tum'ah) and dyes ones (which are not [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(b)The Halachah - is like R. Shimon.

7)

(a)Whether a garment whose weft is colored, but whose warp (the woof) is not, or vice-versa, is subject to Tum'as Tzara'as or not - is determined by which one is in the majority.

(b)By S'tam Begadim, it is generally the weft that is more clearly visible, whereas by S'tam Karim u'Kesasos (quilts and cushions) - it is the warp.

(c)A Nega on clothes - is either bright green or bright red ("Yerakrak O Adamdam" [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(d)The example given to gauge the shade and the brightness of ...

1. ... the green is - like the feather of a peacock or like a fresh Lulav-branch.

2. ... the red is - like blood.

8)

(a)If a green-colored Nega has spread after a week but the Pisyon is red, or vice-versa - it is nevertheless Tamei (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)If the actual Nega changed color and spread too, or just changed color without spreading, the Tana Kama rules that it is as if did not change, meaning - that the Kohen gives it another week (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)According to R. Yehudah however - it is considered as if it had changed from one Nega to another, and he starts again from scratch.

(d)The Halachah - is like the Tana Kama.

9)

(a)If the Nega on the garment remains unchanged for ...

1. ... one week - then after washing it, one locks up the garment for another week.

2. ... a second week - the entire garment must be burned (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)If it spreads either during the first or the second week - then the entire garment must be burned.

10)

(a)According to R. Yishmael, if the Nega dimmed before the Kohen even declared it a Musgar, then it needs to be washed (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Yechabes') and the garment, locked up for another seven days (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'ha'Omed ... '). According to the Chachamim - the Kohen declares the garment Tahor.

(b)The Halachah - is like the Chachamim.

11)

(a)The Mishnah rules, in a case where the Nega became dim ...

1. ... during the first week - that it must be washed and the garment locked up for a second week (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... during the second week - that it needs to be removed and burned.

(b)With regard to the latter ruling, the Tana Kama learns from the Pasuk "ve'Im Tera'eh Od ba'Beged" - that it needs to replaced with a patch.

(c)R. Nechemyah rules - that this is unnecessary (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)The Halachah - is like the Tana Kama.

12)

(a)If, during the third week, the Nega returns ...

1. ... to the same area of the garment, or even ...

2. ... to a different section of the garment (Tos. Yom-Tov), but not to the patch - the first garment must be burned, but the patch remains Tahor. And the same will apply, if it returned ...

3. ... to the patch but not to the garment - only in this case, the patch does not necessarily remain Tahor.

(b)We learn the former ruling - from the Pasuk "ve'Im Tera'eh Od ba'Beged ... ve'Saraf es ha'Beged" (precluding the patch).

(c)Assuming it measures ...

1. ... less than three finger-breadths by three finger-breadths - the patch is Tahor.

2. ... more than three finger-breadths by three finger-breadths - then the garment must be locked up for the first set of seven day days.

13)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a case of 'ha'Toleh min ha'Musgar' (he attaches a Matlis [a piece of cloth] from a Musgar) on to a Tahor garment.'Musgar' in this context, means - a garment that remained unchanged during the first week, and became dimmer during the second, after the Nega has been rfemoved and burned.

(b)If the Nega now returns to the Musgar, the Tana requires the Matlis to be burned. Others learn that it remains Tahor (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)In the event that the Nega 'returns' to the Matlis, the original garment - must be burned.

(d)As for the second garment, the Mishnah rules 'Teshamesh es ha'Beged ha'Sheini', meaning - that it now serves (is considered part of) the second garment.

(e)Practically speaking, this means - that as soon as the owner has used the garment together with the patch, it must be burned together with it.

14)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Kayta. Besides a summer garment, based on the Roman word 'Kotya'- this might be a certain woman's garment.

(b)The sort of Kotya ...

1. ... the Tana initially describes is - one with that comprises many colored strips, white, green, black ... .

2. ... they refered to when they asked R. Eliezer whether it requires Hesger or not was - one containing only one such white strip, in which case there was nowhere for it to spread to, in which case, they wanted to know whether it was subject to being locked up.

(c)R. Eliezer ...

1. ... replied - that he had heard that it did (see Tos. Yom-Tov), but that he had been given no reason as to why.

2. ... replied to R. Yehudah ben Beseira - that he was welcome to supply the reason, provided he would substantiate his ruling and not refute it.

3. ... subsequently commented (after he supplied it) - that he was a great Chacham for having established the words of the sages.

(d)The reason R. Yehudah ben Beseira gave for the ruling was - because after two weeks, the garment would be declared Tamei even if it had not spread.

15)

(a)The distinction that the Mishnah draws between a Pisyon that adjoins the original Nega and one that does not, even if it is far from it (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - whereas the former is declared a Muchlat even if it measures a Kolshehu, the latter requires a ke'G'ris (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The Tana also mentions a Nega that returns - with reference to a Nega that became dim after the second week, was torn out and burned, and then returned on the patch that replaced it.

(c)The Tana compares it - to the latter (and it requires a ke'G'ris in order to be Tamei.

16)

(a)The Tana Kama rules that the Sh'si (the weft) and the Areiv (the warp [i.e. the woof]) - are subject to Tum'as Nega'im immediately (meaning as soon as they have been spun).

(b)One can tell which is which - because the Sh'si is much thinner than the Areiv.

(c)R. Yehudah agrees with the Tana Kama regarding the Areiv. The Sh'si he only declares Tamei once it has been boiled (to bleach it [Tiferes Yisrael]).

(d)Others have the text 'mi'she'Yashleh', which means - from the time that one draws it from caldron after it has been boiled.

17)

(a)R. Yehudah learns his ruling from the Pasuk "be'Beged Tzemer O be'Beged Pishtim, O bi'Shesi O be'Eirev' - comparing the latter to the former, in that the Sh'si, like the Beged, must be complete before it becomes subject to Tum'ah.

(b)The Chachamim counter that - by referring to the word "O ba'Sh'si ... " which divides between Beged and Sh'si.

18)

(a)A ball of wool (Tiferes Yisrael) must comprise - sufficient wool to spin three by three finger-breadths Sh'si and Areiv (see os. Yom-Tov), in order to be subject to Tum'as Tzara'as ...

(b)... even if the wool consists entirely of either one or the other (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)According to the Tana Kama, if the wool in the ball consists of ...

1. ... strands - it is not subject to Tum'ah

2. ... unless they have been joined by tying knots

(d)R. Yehudah holds - that even if it tore in only one location and required a knot to fix it, it is no longer subject to Tum'ah.

19)

(a)If a Nega appears on one ball of wool whilst it is in the process of being added to another ball of wool - the second ball remains Tahor ...

(b)... even if they are joined by a thread.

(c)The Tana issues the same ruling regarding yarn on a S'lil that one is rolling on to another S'lil containing yarn. A S'lil is - a spindle in the form of a hollow (see Tos. Yom-Tov) piece of wood shaped like a cane.

(d)And the Mishnah says the same regarding ...

1. ... wool that is being joined via Koved Elyonah and Koved ha'Tachtonah (two round-shaped pieces of wood around which the weavers wind the Sh'si before rolling it on to one of them), and with regard to ...

2. ... the front and back of a shirt that have been loosely joined together and are worn like that.

20)

(a)The Tana rules that the moment ...

1. ... the Areiv is thrown into the weaving-loom, before it is fully integrated with the Sh'si - it combines with it, rendering it subject to Tum'as Nega'im with a combined Shi'ur of a G'ris (see also Tos. Yom-Tov), and the same applies to ...

2. ... the Sh'si alone (see Tos. Yom-Tov, who explains the alternative explanation cited by the Bartenura), the moment it is threaded through the loops on the weaving-loom, between the upper and the lower beam, and is ready to receive the Areiv.

21)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if a Nega appears on the threads of the Sh'si, then the part of the garment that has already been woven ('Arig') - remains Tahor, or vice-versa.

(b)The ...

22)

(a)The ...

1. ... strands that protrude from a sheet on which a Nega has appeared - must be burned (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... sheet - remains Tahor, if a Nega appears on the strands that protrude from it.

(b)The Tana learns from the superfluous words "ba'Tzemer O ba'Pishtim" (in the phrase "ve'Saraf es ha'Beged ba'Tzemer O ba'Pishtim") - that even when a garment has to be burned, it is not necessary to burn the 'Umriyos'(tassels that hang from the edge of the garment [see also Tos. Yom-Tov]) ...

(c)... even if they are made of purple wool ...

(d)... a species that is intrinsically subject to Tum'as Tzara'as (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

23)

(a)The Mishnah declares - that any type of garment that is fit to be Metamei Meis is subject to Tum'as Nega'im, even if it is not subject to Tum'as Mishkav u'Moshav (provided it is white and not colored).

(b)A regular garment is subject to Tum'as Meis but not to Tum'as Mishkav u'Moshav - if it measures more than three by three fingerbreadths but less than three by three Tefachim (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)Any garment that is subject to to Tum'as Mishkav u'Moshav - is also subject to Tum'as Meis.

24)

(a)The Tana lists a number of specific items that fit into the above category, beginning with Kela shel Sefinah, Vilon and Shavis shel Sevachah (see Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael). 'Shavis shel Sevachah' is the veil that is attached to a Sevachah (a kind of ornamental network hat that women wear on their heads (see Tiferes Yisrael). A ...

1. ... 'Kela shel Sefinah' is - the sail on a ship's mast.

2. ... 'Vilon' is - a curtain.

(b)The next three items on the Tana's list are Seifer-covers, Galgilon and shoe-laces. 'Galgilon'is - a belt.

(c)A shoe-lace is also included in the list - and so does the lace of a Sandal.

(d)To be subject to Tum'as Nega'im, they must measure at least a G'ris in width (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

25)

(a)Sigus - a thick woolen garment, is also included in the current category of garments that are subject to Tum'as Nega'im.

26)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a leather flask and Turmal - (a large shepherd's satchel).

(b)When the Tana says 'Nir'in ke'Darkan', he means - that the Kohen examines it as it is when it is in use, even though when it is tied and folded for use, a Nega may not be visible unless it is untied and unfolded.

(c)If the Nega spreads from the inside of these leather vessels to the outside, or vice-versa - the Kohen will declare it Tamei (because of Pisyon).

(d)This ruling - applies explicitly to leather garments, But not to garments made of wool or linen.

27)

(a)If a garment that is Musgar becomes mixed-up with other garments - they are all Tahor ...

(b)... because the Kohen can only declare Tamei what is Vaday, but not what is Safek.

28)

(a)If one cuts a Musgar garment into strips without severing them completely, the Mishnah declares it Tahor - and Mutar be'Hana'ah.

(b)Assuming that the garment that got mixed up was a Muchlat ...

1. ... in the earlier case, the Kohen will - declare them all Tamei, and ...

2. ... in the current case - Tamei and Asur be'Hana'ah ...

(c)... because it must be burned (see Tos. Yom-Tov).