Mishnah 1
1)
(a)What does the Mishnah say about ...
1. ... a regular Baheres (that is Azah ka'Sheleg) on the skin of an albino?
2. ... a dim white mark (that is paler than ki'Kerum Beitzah) on the skin of a black man?
(b)Why is that?
(c)According to R. Yishmael, B'nei Yisrael are like Eshkero'a. Whyat is Eshkero'a?
(d)What does he mean ...
1. ... by this statement?
2. ... when he adds 'Ani Kaparasan'?
1)
(a)The Mishnah rules that ...
1. ... a regular Baheres (that is Azah ka'Sheleg) on the skin of a Geramni (an albino [see Tos. Yom-Tov and Tiferes Yisrael]) - is Tahor, whereas ...
2. ... a dim white mark (that is paler than ki'Kerum Beitzah) on the skin of a black man - is Tamei (and initially renders him a Metzora Musgar) ...
(b)... because the Mar'eh is determined by the skin of the person who is being examined (see Tos. Yom-Tov [and the former appears paler than K'rum Beitzah, whereas the latter appears brighter than K'rum Beitzah]).
(c)According to R. Yishmael, B'nei Yisrael are like Eshkero'a - box-wood (a kind of cedar wood).
(d)What he means ...
1. ... by that is that - all Metzora'im are judged by the same standard white.
2. ... when he adds 'Ani Kaparasan' is that - so strong was his love of B'nei Yisrael, that he was willing to suffer on their behalf, in order to cleanse them of their sins (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).
2)
(a)R. Akiva refers to Tzayarim who work with black, white and medium paint. What are Tzayarim?
(b)What is the significance of these painters? Why does he refer to them?
(c)Like whom does R. Akiva hold?
2)
(a)R. Akiva refers to Tzayarim - artists who work with black, white and medium-color (grey) paint.
(b)The significance of these painters is that - R. Akiva goes after the medium shade, irrespective of the color of the person concerned ...
(c)... like R. Yishmael (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
3)
(a)What does R. Yehudah say about ...
1. ... an albino, based on the Pasuk "be'Or Besaro"?
2. ... a black man, based on the Pasuk "be'Or ha'Basar"?
(b)What do the Chachamim say?
(c)Like whom do they hold?
3)
(a)R. Yehudah ...
1. ... based on the Pasuk "be'Or Besaro" rules that - in the case of an albino, we go after the stricken man's skin Lehakel (like the Tana Kama), whereas in the case of ...
2. ... a black man, based on the Pasuk "be'Or ha'Basar" - we gauge the white according to a medium white appearance (like everybody else [like R. Yishmael and R. Akiva]).
(b)The Chachamim - gauge both the Nega of an albino and that of a black man like everybody else ...
(c)... like R. Akiva (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Mishnah 2
4)
(a)During which two periods in the day may a Kohen not examine Nega'im, based on the Pasuk "le'Chol Mar'eh Einei ha'Kohen"?
(b)How do we learn it from there?
(c)On what grounds is he forbidden to examine Nega'im inside the house?
(d)At which time of day may he not examine them for the same reason?
4)
(a)Based on the Pasuk "le'Chol Mar'eh Einei ha'Kohen" (see Tos. Yom-Tov), a Kohen may not examine Nega'im" - in the early hours of the morning or at twilight (Bein-ha'Shemashos).
(b)We learn it from there - by comparing those times of day (which are lacking in sunlight) to a Kohen whose eyesight is lacking and who is therefore precluded from examining Nega'im.
(c)He is also forbidden to examine Nega'im inside the house (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - because strong shades of white appear pale there, and for the same reason ...
(d)... he may not examine them - in the middle of the day (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
5)
(a)R. Meir lists six hours during which the Kohen should examine Nega'im. If, in the morning, he permits the third, fourth and fifth hours, which three hours does he permit in the afternoon?
(b)Which four hours does R. Yehudah permit?
(c)Like whom is the Halachah?
5)
(a)R. Meir lists six hours during which the Kohen should examine Nega'im. In the morning, he permits the third, fourth and fifth hours, in the afternoon - the seventh, eighth and ninth.
(b)R. Yehudah permits only - the fourth and fifth hours in the morning, and the eighth and ninth in the afternoon.
(c)The Halachah - is like R. Yehudah.
Mishnah 3
6)
(a)Which two kinds of Kohen does the Mishnah disqualify from examining Nega'im, based on the Pasuk "le'Chol Mar'eh Einei ha'Kohen"?
(b)What does the Tana say about opening a (new [see Tiferes Yisrael]) window in order to examine Nega'im?
(c)How does he learn it from the Pasuk "ke'Nega Nir'eh Li ba'Bayis"?
6)
(a)Based on the Pasuk "le'Chol Mar'eh Einei ha'Kohen" - the Mishnah disqualifies Kohanim who only possess vision in one eye or who whose vision is deficient, even if they can see with both eyes (see Tos. Yom-Tov), from examining Nega'im.
(b)The Tana - prohibits opening a new window (see Tos. Yom-Tov in previousMishnah DH 've'Lo be'Toch ... ') in order to examine Nega'im.
(c)He learns it from the Pasuk "ke'Nega Nir'eh Li ba'Bayis" - which implies that the owner sees the Nega with his own eyes, without external assistance.
Mishnah 4
7)
(a)Whilst a man is being examined for a Nega on his leg, the Kohen instructs him to pose as if he was digging (with his legs apart). How does the Kohen tell him to pose if the Nega is on his arm?
(b)How does the Kohen tell a woman to pose, if she has a Nega ...
1. ... in the area of her thighs?
2. ... underneath her breasts?
(c)When examining a Nega on a woman's right arm, the Kohen instructs her to raise it and reveal her armpit as if she was in the process of weaving standing (see Tos. Yom-Tov). What does R. Yehudah suggest he tells her to do if the Nega is on her left arm?
(d)What is the point of making her pose like that (and indeed, of all the above poses)?
7)
(a)Whilst a man is being examined for a Nega on his leg, the Kohen instructs him to pose as if he was digging (with his legs apart). If the Nega is on his arm - the Kohen tells him to pose as if he was picking olives from the tree (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(b)The Kohen tells a woman who has a Nega ...
1. ... in the area of her thighs - to pose with her legs apart (see Tos. Yom-Tov) as if she was arranging the dough after kneading it.
2. ... underneath her breasts - as if she was feeding her baby.
(c)When examining a Nega on a woman's right arm, the Kohen instructs her to raise it, thereby revealing her armpit, as if she was in the process of weaving standing (see Tos. Yom-Tov); Whereas if the Nega is on her left arm - R. Yehudah (see Tos. Yom-Tov) rules that he tells her to raise her arm as if she was spinning.
(d)The purpose of making her pose like that is - to determine what is considered open (and is therefore subject to Tum'as Tzara'as), and what is considered concealed (and is not [and the same applies to all of the above poses]).
8)
(a)The Tana concludes that just as he poses for his Nega, so is he poses for his shaving. What does he mean by that?
(b)What does he learn from the Pasuk "es Rosho, ve'es Zekano ve'Eis Gabos Einav"?
8)
(a)The Tana concludes that just as he stands on the day that he is declared a Metzora, so he is made to stand on the day of his shaving, by which he means that - when the Metzora is declared Tahor and becomes obligated to remove all the hair of his body, the Kohen makes him stand in the same position, to determine which area needs to be shaved and which does not, and we learn this ...
(b)... from the Pasuk "es Rosho, ve'es Zekano ve'Eis Gabos Einav" (to preclude hair that is considered concealed [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).
9)
(a)According to the Tana Kama, who is the sole person whose ...
1. ... Nega'im a Kohen may not examine?
2. ... Nedarim a Chacham may not release?
(b)How do we learn the latter from the Pasuk "Lo Yachel Devaro"?
9)
(a)According to the Tana Kama, the sole person whose ...
1. ... Nega'im a Kohen may not examine - is himself.
2. ... Nedarim a Chacham may not release - is himself.
(b)He learns the latter from the Pasuk "Lo Yachel Devaro", implying that - he cannot release his own Nedarim, but that others may release it for him.
10)
(a)What does ...
1. ... R. Meir say about the former ruling (concerning Tzara'as)?
2. ... R. Yehudah say about the latter ruling (concerning Nedarim)?
(b)From where does R. Meir learn this?
(c)Under which circumstances does ...
1. ... R. Yehudah concede that a Chacham is permitted to release his wife's Nedarim?
2. ... the prohibition regarding a Chacham not apply at all?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah (see Tos. Yom-Tov)?
10)
(a)
1. ... R. Meir includes the Kohen's relatives in the former ruling.
2. ... R. Yehudah includes the Chacham's wife in the latter ruling.
(b)R. Meir learns this - from the Hekesh of Nega'im to Ribin (disputes in money matters [since the Torah writes in Shoftim "Kol Riv ve'Chol Nega"] see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(c)
1. R. Yehudah will concede however, that a Chacham is permitted to release his wife's Nedarim - (just like any husband is, through Hafaras Nedarim) provided they either constitute Inuy Nefesh (personal suffering) or are Beino Leveinah (affect their intimate relationship).
2. And the prohibition regarding a Chacham does not apply at all - in a case where the Chacham is a member of a Beis-Din (three people) who is releasing the Neder (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
(d)The Halachah appears to be like R. Yehudah (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
11)
(a)The Tana Kama repeats the above ruling with regard to a Chacham examining a B'chor. Which sort of B'chor is he referring to?
(b)Why does it require examination?
11)
(a)The Tana Kama repeats the above ruling with regard to a Chacham examining a B'chor - Beheimah ...
(b)... which require examination - to ascertain the validity of a blemish, for permission to Shecht it and eat it (see Tos. Yom-Tov).
Hadran alach 'Baheres'
