(Mishnah): If a woman miscarried a Tumtum or Androginus, she sits (observes Tum'as Yoledes) Zachar or Nekevah. (She adopts the stringencies of both. The same applies if the baby lived);

If she miscarried a male and a Tumtum or Androginus, she sits for Zachar or Nekevah;

If she miscarried a female and a Tumtum or Androginus, she sits only for Nekevah;

If [the fetus] came out cut up or Mesuras (backwards, i.e. feet first), once the majority leaves, it is as if was born;

If it came out normally (head first), once the majority of the head leaves it is born.

What is the majority of the head? It is its forehead.

If she miscarried, but she does not know [the gender], she sits for Zachar or Nekevah;

If she does not know whether or not a child came out, she sits for Yoledes Zachar or Nekevah or Nidah (she is stringent for all of them).

If a woman miscarried on (or before) the 40th day (from immersion, it is at most 40 days from conception, so) there is no concern lest it was a proper child (to obligate a Korban and to cause Tum'as Yoledes);

[If she miscarried] on day 41 (or later), she sits for Zachar or Nekevah or Nidah.

R. Yishmael says, if she miscarried on day 41 (or later, but before day 81), she sits for Zachar or Nidah;

If she miscarried on day 81 (or later), she sits for Zachar or Nekevah or Nidah.

This is because a male is fully formed on the 41st day (40 full days after conception), and a female is fully formed on the 81st day.

Chachamim say, both males and females are fully formed on the 41st day.

(Gemara): Wherever it says that she sits for Zachar and Nekevah, she has 14 days of Tum'ah, and 26 Tehorim (Dam Tohar). We give to her the stringencies of a male and a female.

Limitation: This is for her husband, but for Taharos, she sits for Nekevah (even during Yemei Tohar, she is like a Tevul Yom, and she may not touch or eat Terumah and Kodshim - GILYON EFRAYIM, R. MEIR SIMCHAH on Halachah 2.)

Note: We must say that "Taharos" refers only to Terumah and Kodshim. Regarding Ma'aser and Chulin, Yoledes Nekevah is Tahor from days 15 until 80, but if she was really Yoledes Zachar, if she saw blood after day 40, she is Tamei!

If she miscarried a Tumtum and a male or an Androginus and a male, she sits for Zachar or Nekevah, and we are concerned for a male (if the Tumtum or Androginus is a male, she has only Yemei Tohar of a male).

If she miscarried a female and a Tumtum or Androginus, she sits only for Nekevah. There is+ no concern for a male (in any case, she sits only for a female).

Inference: If one gave birth to a male and female or a female and male, she sits [only] for a female.