REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
Rebbi Yehudah says that a person should not be Makdish his Korban until he brings it into the Azarah.
Rebbi Yehudah says that the early Tzadikim became Nezirim because they wanted to bring a Korban Chatas. (1)
Rebbi Shimon holds that the early Tzadikim did not become Nezirim because a Nazir is regarded as a sinner.
Rebbi Elazar ha'Kapar says that a Nazir is a sinner because he afflicts himself by abstaining from wine.
Rebbi Yochanan says that the slang words for Nedarim are words that the nations of the world use for Nedarim.
Reish Lakish says that the slang words for Nedarim are words that were instituted by the Chachamim. (2)
Beis Shamai says that the slang words of slang words are a valid Lashon for a Neder and Beis Hillel argues.
If someone vows Lo b'Mumsa d'Amar Mohi it is a Kinuy for a Shevu'ah. (3)
If someone vows Lo Chulin, Lo Kosher, or Lo Dachi it is a valid Neder. (4)
If someone vows [Lo] Tahor, Tamei, Nosar, or Pigul it is a valid Neder.
If someone vows k'Imra k'Dirim, k'Etzim k'Ishim, k'Heichal, k'Mizbe'ach or k'Yerushalayim it is a valid Neder. (5)
Rebbi Yehudah holds that a vow of Yerushalayim is not a valid Neder. (6)
A BIT MORE
1. They wanted the Mitzvah of bringing a Korban Chatas but they never sinned and thus could not bring the Korban. Therefore they became Nezirim and one of the Korbanos that a Nazir brings is a Korban Chatas.
2. The Chachamim were afraid that when a person makes a Neder with the word Korban he will la'Shem without saying Korban and he will have said Hashem's name in vain.
3. This means the Shevu'ah that Moshe swore to Yisro in Midyan.
4. Because we can infer from Lo Chulin that he wants it to be a Korban, we can infer from Lo Kosher that he wants it to be Pasul and we can infer from Lo Dachi that he wants it to be Asur.
5. The implication of the Neder is that he wants an object to be forbidden like an Imra (a lamb brought for a Korban), or like the Dirim (a pen that holds the animal that are used for a Korban, or like Yerushalayim (the Korbanos that are brought in Yerushalayim.)
6. However if he vows k'Yerushalayim it is a valid Neder even according to Rebbi Yehudah.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
THE EARLY TZADIKIM
Rebbi Yehudah says that the early Tzadikim became Nezirim because they wanted the Mitzvah of bringing a Korban Chatas but they never sinned and thus could not bring the Korban. The Chasam Sofer asks, why were they not likewise bothered by their inability to fulfill other Mitzvos such as burning Nosar and returning stolen objects. These Mitzvos also cannot be fulfilled without committing an Aveirah so how did they do these Mitzvos? The Chasam Sofer answers that since it is in their hands to do these Mitzvos by means of first doing the Aveirah b'Mezid, their abstention from doing the Aveirah is a fulfillment of the Mitzvah of Ahavas Hashem which was just as important as the Mitzvah of returning the stolen object or of burning the Nosar. However a Chatas may only be brought if the Aveirah is done b'Shogeg and thus it is not in their hands to do the Aveirah and Hashem Yisbarach protected them from an Aveirah b'Shogeg and thus they were not replacing the Mitzvah with the Mitzvah of Ahavas Hashem. Therefore their inability to do the Mitzvah bothered them since it was not being replaced by another Mitzvah.
QUICK HALACHAH
MESHAMSHE'I HA'MIZBE'ACH
A Neder is not only when you prohibit an object like a Korban, it also includes prohibiting an object like anything that is Kadosh with Kedushas ha'Peh. For example, if a person says that an object should be prohibited like an Imra, Dirim, Mizbe'ach, Heichal or Yerushalayim, or like any of the Meshamshei ha'Mizbe'ach it is prohibited. A Neder prohibiting an object like the Shulchan of the Mikdash is a valid Neder, but if he says Shulchan without saying Mikdash it is not a valid Neder. (Shulchan Aruch YD 204:2)
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