1)

(a)The Mishnah discusses a Kohen Gadol or a Nasi who sinned and who is removed from office (See Tiferes Yisrael notes 2 & 4) before he managed to bring his Par or Sa'ir, respectively. The ...

1. ... Kohen Gadol brings - a Par, and the ...

2. ... Nasi - a Sa'ir (both according to the time that they sinned).

(b)In spite of the fact that the Kohen Gadol will bring a Par even if he sinned after he has been removed from office (See next Mishnah), the Tana nevertheless refers to where he sinned when he was still Kohen Gadol - in order to match the Nasi.

(c)We learn from the Pasuk (in connection with the Nasi) "al Chataso asher Chata" (See Tosfos Yom Tov) - that the Nasi brings his Korban according to his status when he sinned, irrespective of his status when he brings the Korban.

2)

(a)The distinction the Tana draws between a Kohen Gadol and a Nasi both of whom sin after they have been removed from their respective positions is - that whereas the former still brings a Par, the latter brings a Kisbah or a Se'irah (like a Hedyot).

(b)The reason for ...

1. ... the former ruling is - that a Kohen Gadol who is removed from office remains a Kohen Gadol in most regards (as we will learn in Mishnah 4. See also Tosfos Yom Tov).

2. ... the latter ruling is - that a king who is removed from office becomes a Hedyot (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

3)

(a)Regarding a Nasi or a Kohen Gadol who sinned before they were appointed, what the Tana Kama learns from the Pasuk ...

1. ... "Asher Nasi Yecheta" and from the Pasuk ...

2. ... "ve'Im ha'Kohen ha'Mashi'ach Yecheta", respectively - that they bring the Korban of a Hedyot.

(b)Rebbi Shimon declares them both Patur from a Korban - there where they discover that they have sinned only after they have been appointed (See Tiferes Yisrael).

(c)The Tana defines "Nasi" as - 'king'.

(d)He learn it from the Pasuk in Vayikra (in connection with his Korban) "ve'Asah Achas mi'Kol Mitzvos Hash-m Elo kav" - implying that he is someone above whom there is nobody other Hash-m.

4)

(a)The Torah refers to the Kohen Gadol as 'Mashi'ach' with regard to the Din of Par Kohen Gadol - because it applies to a Kohen Gadol who has been anointed with the Shemen ha'Mishchah, but not to one who became appointed by wearing the Bigdei Kehunah.

(b)We learn from the Pasuk in Emor (in connection with the Din of a Kohen Gadol) "u'Milei es Yadav Li'lebosh es ha'Begadim" - that a Kohen Gadol can be initiated into the Kehunah Gedolah by wearing the eight garments of a Kohen Gadol ...

(c)... for example, in the era of the second Beis-Hamikdash, when the jar containing the anointing oil was hidden.

(d)The sole difference between a Kohen Gadol who is anointed with the anointing oil and one who is initiated by wearing the Bigdei Kehunah is - the Par Kohen Gadol (which the former brings but not the latter) ...

(e)... precisely because the Torah refers to him as 'Mashi'ach'.

5)

(a)Besides the Din of the bull of Yom Kipur (which is brought by the former), the only difference between a Kohen Gadol who is currently serving and one who temporarily replaced him when he became Tamei (Kohen she'Avar [See Tosfos Yom Tov]) is - the Asiris ha'Eifah (the daily Korban Minchah brought by the Kohen Gadol), both of which the former brings but not the latter.

(b)The Avodah on Yom Kipur - can be performed by either.

(c)The Tana rules that a Kohen she'Avar ...

1. ... is obligated to marry a virgin and forbidden to marry a widow, and that ...

2. ... he may not render himself Tamei for a deceased relative.

(d)Likewise, he is subject to the prohibition against Peri'ah - (not cutting one's hair) and P'rimah (tearing one's clothes).

6)

(a)The Mishnah finally rules - that the death of a Kohen she'Avar releases a murderer be'Shogeg from the city of refuge in which he is residing.

(b)The source for all the latter rulings - lies in the fact that a Kohen she'Avar is also called a Kohen Gadol.

7)

(a)The Tana rules that, whereas a Kohen Gadol performs P'rimah - by tearing his garment at the hem, a Kohen Hedyot - tears it from the top (from the top [at the neck, like everybody else]).

(b)The Mishnah discusses the Din of a Kohen who is an 'Onein'. He is an Onein' min ha'Torah - for the entire day of the deceased's death (irrespective of whether he has been buried or not.

(c)From the first day and onwards, the relative is an Onein de'Rabbanan until the Meis is buried as well as ...

1. ... the entire day of the burial and ...

2. ... if it is buried on the first day - he is also an Onein the following night.

8)

(a)Seeing as both a Kohen Gadol and a Kohen Hedyot are not permitted to eat Korbanos when they are On'nim, the distinction that the Tana draws between them is - that whereas a Kohen Gadol is permitted to bring Korbanos when he is an Onein, a Kohen Hedyot is not.

(b)We learn from the Pasuk in Shemini (said by Aharon on the day when Nadav and Avihu died) "ve'Achalti Chatas ha'Yom, ha'Yitav be'Einei Hash-m"? ...

1. ... the Din of a Kohen Gadol - seeing as Aharon only needed to answer why he did not eat the Korban ba'Aninus, but not as to why he had sacrificed it.

2. ... the Din of a Kohen Hedyot - in that is sons are not mentioned, because they were not even permitted to sacrifice it either.

9)

(a)The Mishnah rules that one thing that is more common (Tadir) than another - takes precedence over it.

(b)The Tana learns it from the words " ... asher le'Olas ha'Tamid" (in the Pasuk in Pinchas [in connection with the Korban Musaf] "Mil'vad Olas ha'Boker asher le'Olas ha'Tamid") - which are otherwise superfluous and which the Torah inserts as a reason as to why it follows the Korban Tamid (i.e. because the latter is more common than it).

(c)In similar vein, the Tana learns from the Pasuk in Emor (in connection with the Kohanim) "ve'Kidashto" (See Tosfos Yom Tov) - that something that is holier (Mekudash) than another - takes precedence over it.

(d)The Mishnah gives precedence to the Par Kohen Gadol over the Par He'elam Davar - because it makes sense to give precedence to the one who atones over the one who is being atoned.

(e)We learn this from which Pasuk (in connection with the Avodah on Yom Kipur) - "ve'Chiper Ba'ado u've'ad Beiso (and only then "u'ver'ad Kol K'hal Yisrael".

10)

(a)Besides in the area of life saving, the Mishnah gives precedence to a man over a woman - with regard to return his lost articles (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)What gives men the edge over women in these regards is - the fact that, as opposed to the latter, who are Patur from time-related Mitzvos, they are Chayav to observe all Mitzvos.

(c)Yet the Tana gives precedence to women in two regards. One of them is regarding clothes, the other - when it comes to redeem from captivity ...

(d)The reason for the latter rulings is - because a woman's embarrassment is greater than a man's (See Tiferes Yisrael, note 30).

(e)In a case where both a man and a woman are being held captive for immoral purposes, the Mishnah gives the man precedence over the woman (See Tiferes Yisrael).

11)

(a)A Kohen comes before a Levi (See Tosfos Yom Tov). We learn from the Pasuk in Eikev "ba'Eis ha'hi Hivdil Hash-m es Sheivet Levi mi'Toch B'nei Yisrael" - that a Levi comes before a Yisrael.

(b)A ...

1. ... Yisrael take precedence over a Mamzer - because he has Yichus (pedigree(, whereas a Mamzer doesn't (See also Tosfos Yom Tov).

2. ... Mamzer take precedence over a Nasin - because he has a Kasher ancestry (See Tos Yom Tov).

3. ... a Nasin take precedence over a Ger - because he grew up among Jews.

(c)The Tana also gives a Ger precedence over an Eved who has been set free - because the latter comes from a cursed background (See Tos. Yom Tov).

12)

(a)The Mishnah concludes that a Mamzer takes precedence even over a Kohen Gadol - if he is a Talmid-Chacham and the Kohen Gadol, an Am ha'Aretz (See Tosfos Yom Tov).

(b)He learns this from the Pasuk in Mishlei (in connection with Torah) "Yekarah Hi mi'Peninim", from which we Darshen - that Torah takes precedence over a Kohen Gadol who enters 'Linai ve'Lifnim (into the Kodesh Kodshim on Yom Kipur).