Mishnah 1
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1)

(a)The Mishnah requires Pasin for water pits in the R'shus ha'Rabim. What are Pasin?

(b)The Tana describes them as four 'D'yumdin' that look like eight. What is D'yumdin the acronym of?

(c)What does he mean when he says that the four D'yumdin look like eight?

1)

(a)The Mishnah requires Pasin - posts for water pits in the R'shus ha'Rabim.

(b)The Tana describes them as four 'D'yumdin' that look like eight. D'yumdin is the acronym of - 'Du Amudin' (two posts)

(c)When he says that the our D'yumdin look like eight, he is referring to the fact that - the posts are cut in such a way that each one points in two adjacent directions (e.g. from west to east and from north to south) as if it was two posts.

2)

(a)What is the status of the pit itself?

(b)What do the Pasin now achieve?

(c)What were Chazal afraid that one might otherwise do?

2)

(a)The pit itself (which is ten Tefachim deep and has an area of four by four Tefachim) is - a R'shus ha'Yachid.

(b)The Pasin - transform the area around the pit into a R'shus ha'Yachid, into which the owner now brings his animal (or its head and most of it) and waters it.

(c)Chazal were afraid that one might otherwise draw water from the pit and place it in the R'shus ha'Rabim for his animal to drink.

3)

(a)According to Rebbi Yehudah, four D'yumdin will suffice. What does Rebbi Meir say?

(b)How tall, wide and thick must the middle four posts be?

(c)The maximum space between the posts, according to Rebbi Meir, is two sets of oxen. How many oxen does that entail?

(d)If each ox measures one and two-thirds Amos, how much space does this amount to?

(e)What must one do if the space is wider than that?

3)

(a)According to Rebbi Yehudah, four D'yumdin will suffice. Rebbi Meir requires in addition - four plain posts placed one in the middle of each side.

(b)The middle four posts must be - ten Tefachim tall, six Tefachim wide (See Tos. Yom-Tov) and of a minimal thickness.

(c)The maximum space between the posts, according to Rebbi Meir, is two sets of oxen - each consisting of three oxen.

(d)Each ox measures one and two-thirds Amos - amounting in total to ten Amos.

(e)If the space is wider than that - then one adds plain posts accordingly.

4)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah allows a space of two sets of four cattle. What is then the maximum space that is allowed according to him?

(b)What does the Mishnah mean when it says ...

1. ... 'Keshuros ve'Lo Mutaros'? Is this Chumra or a Kula?

2. ... 'Achas Michneses ve'Achas Yotzeis? Is this Chumra or a Kula?

(c)Like whom is the Halachah?

4)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah allows a space of two sets of four cattle, in which case, the maximum space that is allowed is - thirteen and a third Amos (See Tos. Yom-Tov DH 've'Arba'ah Peshutin).

(b)When the Mishnah says ...

1. ... 'Keshuros ve'Lo Mutaros' it means - that the animals (according to both Tana'im) should be tied to a yoke (See Tos. Yom-Tov), and not loose (a Chumra, since it decreases the space).

2. ... 'Achas Michneses ve'Achas Yotzeis, it means - that oneof the sets is going in and the other one, out (a Kula, as this increases th space).

(c)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yehudah.

Mishnah 2
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5)

(a)How close to the well may the Pasin be?

(b)What must one do if they are further away from the well?

(c)According to Rebbi Yehudah, on what condition is one permitted to distance the Pasin as much as one wishes?

5)

(a)The Pasin may be as close to the well - as allows the heads of the oxen and most of their bodies to enter in order to drink.

(b)If they are further away from the well, he must add Pasim so that there is no gap of thirteen and a third Amos in between.

(c)According to Rebbi Yehudah, one is permitted to distance the Pasin as much as one wishes - provided one adds posts in the middle (like Rebbi Meir requires in any event).

Mishnah 3
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6)

(a)What does Rebbi Yehudah mean when he says (in connection with Pasei Bira'os) 'ad Beis Sasayim'? What is a Beis Sasayim?

(b)The Chachamim counter that the Shi'ur Beis Sasayim is confined to a Ginah (a vegetable garden) and a Karfef. What is a 'Karfef'?

6)

(a)When Rebbi Yehudah says (in connection with Pasei Bira'os) 'ad Beis Sasayim', he means - that a 'Beis Sasayim' (an area equivalent to fifty x a hundred square Amos) is the maximum size that Pasei Bira'os is allowed to be.

(b)The Chachamim counter that the Shi'ur Beis Sasayim is confined to a Ginah (a vegetable garden) and a Karfef - a large enclosure outside the city that is used for storing wood.

7)

(a)The Din of 'Beis Sasayim' does not pertain to a Dir (an animal pen), a Sachar (a public pen for the animals of the city [See also Tiferes Yisrael]), a Muktzah or a Chatzer. What is the difference between a Muktzah and a Chatzer?

(b)What is the alternative text to 'Sochar'? What does it mean?

(c)What is the criterion that governs the Din of Beis Sasayim?

(d)Why does Pasei Bira'os then belong in the second group?

7)

(a)The Din of 'Beis Sasayim' does not pertain to a Dir (an animal pen, where animals are placed temporarily for manuring purposes), a Sachar (a public pen for the animals of the city [See also Tiferes Yisrael]), a Muktzah - (a walled area behind the house) or a Chatzer - (a walled area in front of the house).

(b)The alternative text to 'Sochar' is - 'Sohar' (meaning a prison [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(c)The criterion that governs the Din of Beis Sasayim is - that it is an integral part of a residence.

(d)Consequently, Pasei Bira'os belong in the second group - since the residents of the house sometimes drink water from them.

8)

(a)What is the maximum Shi'ur that the second group is allowed to be?

(b)Why does the Tana now repeat the Din allowing Pasei Bira'os t be any distance from the actual pit or well?

8)

(a)The second group that we just discussed - have no maximum Shi'ur ('even five Kurin, even ten Kurin' [a Kur is thirty Sa'ah]) ...

(b)... and it is to stress that Pasei Bira'os has the same Din as the cases in the second group (as we explained) that the Tana repeats the Din that Pasei Bira'os my be as far away from the actual pit or well as one wishes.

Mishnah 4
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9)

(a)What does Rebbi Yehudah say one should do in the event that the street runs straight through the Pasei Bira'os?

(b)What do the Chachamim say?

(c)Like whom is the Halachah?

9)

(a)According to Rebbi Yehudah, in the event that the street runs straight through the Pasei Bira'os - one diverts it to circumvent it.

(b)The Chachamim maintain - that this is not necessary.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

10)

(a)According to Rebbi Akiva, the Din of Pasei Bira'os pertains to a Bor ha'Rabim and to a Be'er, even of a Yachid. What is the difference between a 'Bor' and 'Be'er'?

(b)Why does a Bor shel Yachid then require a full-scale Mechitzah of ten Tefachim?

(c)In that case, why does a Bor shel Rabim not require one?

10)

(a)According to Rebbi Akiva, the Din of Pasei Bira'os pertains to a Bor ha'Rabim and to a Be'er, even of a Yachid. A 'Bor' is a water-pit, whereas a 'Be'er' is - a well.

(b)A Bor shel Yachid requires a full-scale Mechitzah of ten Tefachim - because, unlike a natural well, it is liable to run dry, in which case the Heter of Pasei Bira'os falls away.

(c)Whereas a Bor shel Rabim does not require one - because it has the advantage that the people who use it will remind each other whenever the pit runs dry.

11)

(a)What does Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava say? In which case do the Chachamim permit Pasei Bira'os?

(b)What is his reason?

(c)What does he mean when he says that all other cases require a Chagorah surrounding it? What is a 'Chagorah'?

(d)Like whom is the Halachah?

11)

(a)Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava restricts the Heter o Pasei Bira'os - to a Be'er shel Rabim ...

(b)... because it has two advantages: a. that it is unusual for it dry up, and b. that the people will remind each other if it does.

(c)When he says that all other cases require a 'Chagorah' surrounding it, he means a Mechitzah (See Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael).

(d)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava.

12)

(a)To which location is the Heter of Pasei Bira'os confined?

(b)On whose behalf are they permitted?

(c)What distinction does the Halachah draw between the owner and his animals?

(d)What must the owner do if he wishes to drink from the pit or the well?

12)

(a)The Heter of Pasei Bira'os confined - to Eretz Yisrael ...

(b)... on behalf of - the Olei Regalim.

(c)And it is only - for one's animals that one is permitted to use it, not the owner ...

(d)... who is obligated to hop into the pit or the well - should he wish to drink from it (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

Mishnah 5
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13)

(a)The Mishnah cites Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava, who says furthermore that the maximum size area in which one is permitted to carry is seventy Amos plus a bit squared. What sort of area is he talking about?

(b)Why does the Tana say 've'Od'?

(c)Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava requires one of three things to transform a Ginah or a Karfaf into an area that is Hukaf le'Dirah. Two of them are either a guard's hut or a residence (See Tiferes Yisrael). What is the third?

(d)How does being close to the city turn it into a Hukaf le'Dirah?

(e)Rebbi Yehudah is satisfied with one of three additional conditions (even if it has none of the above). What are they?

13)

(a)The Mishnah cites Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava, who says furthermore that the maximum size area - which is Hukaf le'Dirah, in which one is permitted to carry is seventy Amos plus a bit squared.

(b)The Tana say 've'Od' - because Rebbi Yehudah's Chumra follows the Chumra that he stated in the precious Mishnah.

(c)Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava requires one of three things to transform a Ginah or a Karfaf into an area that is Hukaf le'Dirah; a guard's hut, a residence (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - or if it is close to the city.

(d)Being close to the city turns it into a Hukaf le'Dirah - in that the owner then intends to use it on an ongoing basis.

(e)Rebbi Yehudah requires one of three additional conditions (even if it has none of the above) - a circular pit (Bor), a trench (Si'ach) or a cave (Me'arah).

14)

(a)According to Rebbi Akiva, none of the above conditions are required in order to carry in certain enclosed area. Which areas?

(b)What is the difference between Rebbi Akiva and Amru Lo in Mishnah 3, who permit carrying in an area that measures a Beis Sasayim?

(c)What is the significance of a Beis Sasayim?

(d)According to Rebbi Elazer, the enclosed area in which one may carry must be completely square. What does Rebbi Yossi say?

(e)Like whom is the Halachah in the Machlokes between Rebbi...

1. ... Rebbi Elazar and Rebbi Yossi?

2. ... Akiva and Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava?

3. ... Akiva and Amru Lo?

14)

(a)According to Rebbi Akiva, none of the above conditions are required in order to carry in certain enclosed area - provided they measure no more than seventy Amos plus x seventy Amos plus.

(b)The difference between Rebbi Akiva and Amru Lo in Mishnah 3, who permit carrying in an area that measures a Beis Sasayim - is that according to the latter, the maximum Shi'ur is equivalent to seventy Amos and our Tefachim x seventy Amos and four Tefachim (See Tiferes Yisrael 35).

(c)A Beis Sasayim is - equivalent to the area of the Chatzer of the Mishkan (i.e. fifty x a hundred Amos).

(d)According to Rebbi Elazer, the enclosed area in which one may carry must be completely square. Rebbi Yossi maintains that one may carry there even if twice as long as it is wide

(e)The Halachah in the Machlokes between

1. ... Rebbi Elazar and Rebbi Yossi is - like Rebbi Yossi.

2. ... Rebbi Akiva and Rebbi Yehudah ben Bava is - like Rebbi Akiva.

3. ... Rebbi Akiva and Amru Lo is - like Amru lo.

Mishnah 6
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15)

(a)What is Rebbi Ila'i citing Rebbi Eliezer, referring to when he says that he heard from Rebbi Eliezer 'va'Afilu he ke'Veis Kur'?

(b)What is a Beis Kur (See Tiferes Yisrael)?

(c)He also quoted him with reference to someone who forgot to participate in an Eiruv Chatzeros. What must he do to enable the residents of the Chatzer to carry from their houses into the Chatzer (and vice-versa)?

15)

(a)When Rebbi Ila'i citing Rebbi Eliezer, says that he heard from Rebbi Eliezer 'va'Afilu he ke'Veis Kur' he is referring to - a (square) Ginah and a Karfaf that are not Hukaf le'Dirah.

(b)A Beis Kur is a fraction less than two hundred and seventy-four square Amos (See Tiferes Yisrael).

(c)He also quoted him with reference to someone who forgot to participate in an Eiruv Chatzeros. To enable the residents of the Chatzer to carry from their houses into the Chatzer (and vice-versa) - he needs to be Mevatel his rights in the Chatzer to the other residents.

16)

(a)What if he does not specifically add that he is also Mevatel his R'shus of his house?

(b)Is he allowed to carry from their houses into the Chatzer?

(c)Why is that?

(d)He is not however, permitted to carry from his own house into the Chatzer. What if he does carry ...

1. ... be'Meizid?

2. ... be'Shogeg?

(e)What is the reason for this?

16)

(a)Even if he does not specifically add that he is also Mevatel his R'shus of his house - the other residents are permitted to carry from his house into the Chatzer and vice-versa ...

(b)... and so is he ...

(c)... since he is considered their guest.

(d)He is not however, permitted to carry from his own house into the Chatzer. In the event that he does - he renders all the other residents of the Chatzer Asur to carry in the Chatzer, irrespective of whether he does so ...

1. ... be'Meizid or ...

2. ... be'Shogeg.

(e)... because by doing so, he is taking it back into his possession (thereby rendering his Bitul R'shus void).

17)

(a)The third thing Rebbi Ila'i heard from Rebbi Eliezer was that one is Yotzei one's obligation on Pesach with 'Akrevanin'. Which obligation is he referring to?

(b)'Akrevanin may be a vegetable with scorpion-shaped leaves. What else might it be?

(c)What comment did Rebbi Ila'i add with regard to all three rulings?

(d)What is the Halachah regarding ...

1. ... carrying in a Ginah or a Karfaf that is not Hukaf le'Dirah? What is the maximum size that it may be in order to carry in it?

2. ... someone who forgot to participate in an Eiruv Chatzeros, and who was Mevatel his R'shus in the Chatzer, but did not specifically include his house?

3. ... someone who uses Akrevanin as Maror on Pesach?

17)

(a)The third thing Rebbi Ila'i heard from Rebbi Eliezer was that one is Yotzei one's obligation - (of Maror) on Pesach with 'Akrevanin'.

(b)'Akrevanin may be a vegetable with scorpion-shaped leaves. Alternatively, it is a creeper that grows round a date-palm.

(c)Rebbi Ila'i added tha comment however - that he could not find any other Talmidim of Rebbi Eliezer to concur with him, with regard to any of the three rulings.

(d)The Halachah regarding ...

1. ... carrying in a Ginah or a Karfaf that is not Hukaf le'Dirah - is that one may not carry in an area that is larger than a Beis Sasa'yim.

2. ... someone who forgot to participate in an Eiruv Chatzeros, and who was Mevatel his R'shus in the Chatzer, but did not specifically include his house - then none of the residents of the Chatzer are permitted to carry from it into the Chatzer or vice-versa.

3. ... someone who uses Akrevanin as Maror on Pesach is that he is not Yotzei.

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