1)

OBLIGATING A FIG TREE IN A COURTYARD (Yerushalmi Ma'asros Perek 3 Halachah 4 Daf 16b)

îùðä úàéðä ùäéà òåîãú áçöø àåëì àçú àçú åôèåø åàí öéøó çééá.

(a)

(Mishnah): If a fig tree is standing in a courtyard, he may eat one fig at a time and be exempt, but if he combines them, they are obligated.

øáé ùîòåï àåîø àçú áéîéðå åàçú áùîàìå åàçú áôéå. òìä ìøàùä îîìà çé÷å åàåëì.

1.

(R. Shimon): He may have one in each hand and one in his mouth and still be exempt. He may climb to the top of the tree and fill his bosom and eat.

[ãó ëè òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] âôï ùäéà ðèåòä áçöø ðåèì àú ëì [ãó éæ òîåã à] äàùëåì åëï áøéîåï åëï áàáèéç ãáøé øáé èøôåï.

(b)

(R. Tarfon): If a vine is planted in a courtyard, he may take an entire cluster (and eat without tithing). The same applies to a pomegranate and a watermelon.

øáé ò÷éáä àåîø îâøâø áàùëåì åôåøè áøéîåï åñåôú áàáèéç.

1.

(R. Akiva): He may eat them grape by grape, seed by seed from the pomegranate or piece by piece from the watermelon.

ëåñáø ùäéà æøåòä áçöø î÷øèí òìä òìä åàåëì åàí öéøó çééá.

2.

If coriander is planted in a courtyard, he may pick leaf by leaf and eat; but if he combines them, they are obligated.

ñéàä åàéæåá åä÷åøðéú ùáçöø àí äéå ðùîøéí çééáéï.

(c)

Si'ah, Eizov and Koranis (different type of hyssop) in a courtyard; if they were protected (and therefore not ownerless) they are obligated.

úàéðä ùäéà òåîãú áçöø åðåèä ìâéðä àåëì ëãøëå åôèåø.

(d)

If a fig tree was standing in a courtyard and leaning into a garden, a person may eat in the usual way and is exempt.

òåîã áâéðä åðåèä ìçöø àåëì àçú àçú åàí öéøó çééá.

1.

If it was standing in a garden and leaning into a courtyard, he may eat them one at a time; but if he combined them, he is obligated.

òåîãú áàøõ åðåèä áçåõ àøõ àå òåîãú áçåöä ìàøõ åðåèä ìàøõ äëì äåìê àçø äòé÷ø.

(e)

If it was standing in Eretz Yisrael and leaning into Chutz LaAretz or vice-versa, everything follows the location of the trunk.

åááúé òøé çåîä äëì äåìê àçø äòé÷ø.

1.

Concerning houses of walled city, everything follows the trunk.

åáòøé î÷ìè äëì äåìê àçø äðåó.

2.

Concerning Cities of Refuge, everything follows the foliage.

åáéøåùìí äëì äåìê àçø äðåó:

3.

Concerning the limits of Yerushalayim, everything follows the foliage.

âîøà úðé ðåúðéï ìå ùäåú ìôöò áä ôòí øàùåðä ùðééä ùìéùéú.

(f)

(Gemara) (Baraisa): (If a person has already picked one fig, but hasn't yet eaten it) they give him time to bruise the first fig up to three times (to make it edible; and then pick a second fig before eating the first one).

[ãó ëè òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] øáé éåðä áùí øáé æòéøà )ùàì([ùàí] ìé÷è àú äùðééä áúåê ëãé ùäåú (äùðééä)[äøàùåðä] ðèáìå ùúéäï.

(g)

(R. Yona citing R. Zeira explains): If he picked the second one within the bruising time of the first one, they combine.

øáé éøîéä áòé æø÷ àú äøàùåðä ìîòìä îàåéø òùøä ìà äñôé÷ä ìéøã ìîèä îàåéø òùøä òã ùìé÷è àú äùðééä ðèáìå ùúéäï

(h)

Question (R. Yirmiyah): If he threw the first fig above ten Tefachim (from the ground) and before it fell below ten, he picked a second one, do they both become Tevel (or since he picked the second before the first fell, they don't combine)? (The Gemara leaves this question unanswered.)

ø' ìòæø áé øáé ùîòåï àåîø ùìù áéîéðå åùìù áùîàìå åùìù áôéå

(i)

(R. Elazar bei R. Shimon): He may have three in each hand and three in his mouth and he is still exempt.

øáé àìòæø áé øáé ùîòåï òì éãé ãäåä àëìï äåä îùòø âøîéä ëï.

1.

Since R. Elazar bei R. Shimon would eat many figs, he evaluated that for himself, that amount does not combine.

ø' ìòæø áé ø' ùîòåï àæì ìâáéä (ø' ùîòåï áé) ø' éåñé áï ì÷åðéà çîåé äåä îæâ ìéä åäåà ùúé îæâ ìéä åäåà ùúé.

(j)

R. Elazar bei R. Shimon went to the house of his father in law, R. Yosi ben Lekunia, who poured cup after cup, and he drank them in one shot.

àîø ìéä ìà ùîòú îï àáåê ëîä àãí öøéê ìâîåú áëåñ.

1.

(R. Yosi to R. Elazar): Didn't you hear from your father how many swigs a person must take from a cup of wine, (rather than drink it in one shot)?

àîø ìéä ëîåú ùäéà àçú áöåðéï ùúéí áçîéï ùìù åìà ùéòøå çëîéí ìà áééðê ùäåà ðàä åìà áëåñê ùäåà ÷èï åìà áëøéñé ùäéà øçáä.

2.

(R. Elazar to R. Yosi): Undiluted wine - in one swig; when diluted with cold water, in two swigs; with hot water, in three swigs - but the Chachamim didn't evaluate regarding your wine, which is very pleasant; nor according to your cup, which is small; nor with my stomach, which is broad.

åäåä øáé éäåùò áï ÷øçä öååç ìéä çìà áø çîøà. àîø ìéä ìîä àú öååç ìé ëï. àîø ìéä òã ãòø÷ú åàæìéú ìê ììåã÷éà. àîø ìéä åìà ÷åöéï ëñéçéï ëñçúé. àîø ìéä åìà äéä ìê ìéìê ìñåó äòåìí ìäðéç áòì äâéðä ùé÷åõ àú ÷åöéï.

(k)

R. Yehoshua ben Karcha shouted to R. Elazar, "Vinegar son of wine!'' R. Elazar said, "Why are you shouting at me that way?'' R. Yehoshua said, "As you should have run away to Ludkia''. (He was referring to when R. Elazar was appointed by the Romans to catch Jewish thieves and hand them over to the authorities. See Bavli Bava Metzia 83b) R. Elazar said, "Didn't I wipe out evildoers from the world?'' R. Yehoshua said, "You should have gone to the end of the world rather than it. Leave it to the Owner of the garden (the Almighty) to cut down His thorns!''

ðúâìâìä îàéìéäå îäå îçæøúä

(l)

Question: (The Mishnah taught that he may climb to the top of the tree and fill his bosom and eat.) If a fig fell down into the courtyard, is it permitted to return it to the top of the tree and eat it there?

ëîä ãúéîø úîï îçæéøï ìî÷åîï åàåëì åàåó äëà ëï.

(m)

Suggestion (Tosefta): If a person brought figs from the field to eat in an unprotected courtyard and he forgot and brought them into the house; he may return them to the courtyard and eat. The same should apply here.

[ãó ì òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] úîï áîçæéøï áî÷åí ôèåø áøí äëà áîçæéøï ìî÷åí çéåá.

(n)

Rebuttal: There, he returned it to an exempt place; here, figs in a tree above 10 Tefachim are considered to be in the courtyard, although in a different domain. However, once they were brought down, they became obligated.

îä ãîé ìä äéä òåîã áøàù äúàðä

(o)

Which case compares to the Baraisa? If he is standing on the top of the fig tree, since he is in another domain.

îä àú òáéã ìä áòåîã áòéø áòåîã áùãä.

(p)

Question: For Shichechah, is it like standing in the city or like standing inside the courtyard?

ééáà ëäãà äéä òåîã (áòéø)[áùãä] åàîø éåãò àðé ùäôåòìéí ùåëçéï òåîø ùáî÷åí ôìåðé åùëçåäå [àéðä ùëçä]

(q)

Answer: Bring a proof from a similar case - the Tosefta says - if a person was standing in his field and he said, "I know that the workers forget the sheaves in a certain place'' and they forgot them there, they are not Shichechah.

äéä òåîã (áùãä)[áòéø] åàîø éåãò àðé ùäôåòìéí ùåëçéï òåîø ùáî÷åí ôìåðé åùëçåäå äøé æä ùëçä ãëúéá áùãä åùëçú åìà áòéø åùëçú.

1.

If he was standing in the city and he said, "I know that the workers forget the sheaves of a certain place'' - if they then forgot them, they are still Shichechah, as the pasuk states (Devarim 24:2), "in the field, and you will forget'' - but not in the city. (The Gemara is unclear as to which of the case our question is similar. The Gemara leaves the question unanswered.)