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1) [line 4] TA'ANAS BESULIM (a) When a man marries a woman who was a Besulah at the time of her Kidushin, he must write her a Kesuvah document in which he promises that she will receive 200 Zuzim (the value of 960 grams of silver) from him or his estate if he divorces her or dies. The Tana'im argue whether this obligation is mid'Oraisa or mid'Rabanan (Kesuvos 10a). When a man marries a widow or a divorcee who had once been married in the past (i.e. she was a Nesu'ah and was not just an Arusah), the woman is considered to be a Be'ulah and is not given the Kesuvah of a Besulah. Instead, the husband must write her a Kesuvah in which he promises her 100 Zuzim under the conditions specified above. The obligation to write a Kesuvah for a widow or divorcee is mid'Rabanan (Kesuvos 10b). (The Gemara there explains that the word for widow, "Almanah," alludes to her Kesuvah of one "Manah," or 100 Zuzim.) A woman who is less than three at the time of her Kidushin is considered a Besulah whether or not she was married or had relations in the past, since her Besulim return to their original state. (b) A Besulah differs, physically, from a Be'ulah in two ways: 1. A Besulah has a "Pesach Sasum" (the physical state of virginity) while a Be'ulah has a "Pesach Pasu'ach" (Kesuvos 9a) 2. A Besulah has "Dam Besulim" (virginal blood that emerges upon the first instance of marital relations). The quantity of virginal blood lessens as a girl reaches the stage of "Bagrus" (six months after the age of puberty). (c) If a man marries a woman who is b'Chezkas Besulah and he finds her to be a Be'ulah, either by not finding Dam Besulim of by finding a Pesach Pasu'ach, it is not considered a Mekach Ta'us (a mistaken transaction) that annuls the Kidushin (see Kesuvos 11b). However, if he proves that his wife is indeed not a Besulah, he need not give her 200 Zuzim as her Kesuvah, but only 100, like any Be'ulah. The claim of the husband that his wife is a Be'ulah and not a Besulah is called "Ta'anas Besulim." (d) There is another Halachic aspect to Ta'anas Besulim, which has bearing on matters of Isur v'Heter. If a woman who was assumed to be a Besulah is found a Be'ulah, she can become prohibited to her husband under certain circumstances. 1. The rule is that if a woman had willful relations with another man after she became an Arusah, she is a Sotah Vadai (see Background to Yevamos 85:18d) and becomes prohibited to her husband forever. 2. If we do not know when she became a Be'ulah, (i.e. before or after she became an Arusah), nor how she became a Be'ulah, (i.e. b'Ones or b'Ratzon -- against her will or willfully), she is permitted to her husband because of a Safek Sfeika (a double Safek, as follows: she may have become a Be'ulah b'Ones. And even if she had relations b'Ratzon, it may have been before she was betrothed.) 3. If, however, she became an Arusah before she reached the age of three, and she is found to be a Be'ulah at the time of her Nesu'in (and she has reached the age of 12 by then, Tosfos Kesuvos 9a DH v'Iy Ba'is), we may assume that she must have had relations after she became an Arusah, and the only question is whether they were b'Ones or b'Ratzon. Since it is a single Safek and Sefeika d'Oraisa l'Chumra, she is prohibited to her husband. Similarly, if she became an Arusah to a Kohen and was later found by her husband to be a Be'ulah, then even if she had relations b'Ones after she became an Arusah, she becomes prohibited to her husband forever. The only point in doubt is whether she had relations before or after becoming an Arusah. Since there is but a single Safek as to whether she is permitted to her husband, she becomes Asurah to him mi'Safek. 2) [line 8] HIGI'A ZEMAN V'LO NIS'U - the time came but they did not yet get married. After Eirusin (betrothal), the Rabanan decreed that a virgin must be given twelve months to prepare her jewelry and her other needs for the wedding and a widow must be given thirty days. After this time, the groom must consummate the marriage through Nisu'in. If the groom delays the wedding any longer, he is obligated to begin supporting his wife even though they are not yet married (Kesuvos 57a). 3) [line 11] MAREI D'AVRAHAM! TALI TANYA BED'LO TANYA! - Master of Avraham!! (an exclamation) Did Shmuel state that the Halachah of our Mishnah is dependant upon a Halachah that is not written anywhere in the Mishnah? 4) [line 12] HAI TANYA, V'HAI LO TANYA? - Which is the written Mishnah and which is the unwritten Mishnah? (i.e. they are both written!) 5) [line 20] SHAKDU CHACHAMIM - the Chachamim were diligent, meticulous [with regard to the woman's welfare] 6) [line 33] ANA HA KA'IMNA - (lit. I am standing here) I am ready, so I need not provide for you. 7) [line 34] NISTACHFAH SADEHU - (lit. his field was washed out) it is your bad Mazal that caused me to be ill now, and you must provide for me. 8) [last line] BI'SHE'AS VESTAH - at the time that she regularly has her period. On that day she is prohibited to her husband, whether she saw blood one or two times on that calendar date (Veses she'Eino Kavu'a) or three times in a row (Veses Kavu'a). (For a further discussion of Vestos, see Background to Yevamos 65:1.)
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