BACKGROUND TO THE DAILY DAF
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1) [line 1] KUFITZ - a cleaver
2) [line 2] KAF MOZNAYIM - a balance scale
3) [line 4] TERITA - the hook from which a scale is hung when it is used for weighing
4) [line 4] TABACH UMAN ASUR LISHKOL BASAR B'YAD - a butcher may not weigh meat in his hand by holding the meat in one hand and (a) a weight in the other hand (RASHI); (b) estimating its weight (ROSH, RAN, TUR OC #500)
5) [line 6] BEIS YAD B'VASAR - a "handle" in a piece of meat, made by cutting a hole in the meat through which a person can slip his hand
6) [line 6] UV'YADA - to make a hole with his hand (without a knife)
7) [line 7] A'TELAS KARNESA - with three corners (in the shape of a triangle)
8) [line 8] SHOKLIN MANAH KENEGED MANAH - they weighed one piece of meat against another piece (to make sure that they received equal shares)
9) [line 13] PESULEI HA'MUKDASHIN
(a) Pesulei ha'Mukdashin are Korbanos that became unfit to be offered upon the Mizbe'ach because of a Mum (blemish). After they are redeemed, it is still forbidden to work with them and to shear them. The milk they produce is also forbidden. They are only permitted to be eaten after being slaughtered (Bechoros 15b).
(b) The Mishnah in Bechoros (5:1) states that Pesulei ha'Mikdashin may be sold in the marketplace and weighed with a Roman Libra, a pound. These acts are normally considered unfitting for Kodshim, and are prohibited to be done to a Bechor (see Background to Beitzah 25:41).
10) [line 17] L'MEIMRA D'KAPDEI A'HADADEI - does this imply that Rebbi Chiya and Rebbi Shimon b'Rebbi were exacting with each other (and minded if the other one received more)?
11) [line 17] SHEV BINYASA - seven fish
12) [line 18] SHADI GAVRA BEINAIHU - (lit. place a different person between them) the sages who were exacting with each other were either Rebbi Chiya and Rebbi Yishmael b'Rebbi Yosi or Rebbi Shimon b'Rebbi and bar Kapara, who were not known to be such close friends
13) [line 19] MASHCHIZIN - sharpen with a sharpening block
14) [line 20] MASI'AH - he moves it back and forth
15) [line 22] L'HA'AVIR SHAMNUNISA - to remove the fat that is on it
16) [line 33] DARSHINAN MI'SHEMECH? - Should we teach in your name?
17) [line 34] YEHE RA'AVA - May it be the Creator's desire
28b----------------------------------------28b
18) [line 1] MA'AVAR L'SAKINA A'PUMA D'DEKULA - [he was] rubbing a knife on the lip of a basket
19) [line 4] HALACHAH V'EIN MORIN KEN - this is the Halachah, but we do not publicize it (even to teach it to our students). If someone acts in accordance with this ruling, we need not correct him
20) [line 6] A'SIFSA D'REICHAYA - on the edge of a millstone
21) [line 14] SAKIN SHE'AMDAH - a knife that became dull (but not nicked)
22) [line 15] D'PASKA AGAV DUCHAKA - it can cut using pressure (i.e. with difficulty)
23) [line 17] SHEPUD SHE'NIRTZAM - a spit the end of which has broken off (O.F. espointier - to break the point)
24) [line 17] GEREIFAS TANUR V'CHIRAYIM - raking out the plaster that fell into an oven or a stove
25) [line 29] SHEPUD SHE'NIRTZAF - a spit that became crooked
26) [line 30] D'MAFSHIT B'YADEI - he can straighten it with his hands
27) [line 33] SHOMTO - he removes it indirectly without holding onto it
28a) [line 38] GUMOS - hair follicles, cavities. Rav Malchiyo rules (Nidah 52a) that if a young woman has two hair follicles, whether they have hair in them or not, she is considered an adult.
b) [line 38] SHEFACHOS - maidservants. Rav Malchiyo (or Rav Malchiya, according to Rav Papa) rules (Kesuvos 61b) that the Halachah follows the opinion of Rebbi Eliezer quoted in the Mishnah in Kesuvos (5:5), that even a bride who brings one hundred maidservants into the new household must do productive physical work, because idleness only leads to immorality.
29a) [line 38] BELURIS - the long hair grown at the back of the head by the Romans and Greeks in honor of their gods, which was offered to their gods once a year. Rav Malchiya qualified the Beraisa (Avodah Zarah 29a) explaining that the distance around the Beluris that must be left by a Jewish barber cutting an idol worshipper's hair is three Etzba'os (fingerbreadths).
b) [line 39] EFER MAKLEH - ashes from burned wood. Rav Malchiya prohibited placing Efer Makleh on a wound because of its similarity to tattooing (Makos 21a).
c) [line 39] GEVINAH - cheese. Rav Malchiya explained (Avodah Zarah 35b) that cheeses made by Nochrim are prohibited because they smear pig fat on them.
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