Why, in Pasuk 16, did the Torah write "va'Atzaveh es Shofteichem", whereas here, it writes "va'Atzaveh eschem"?
Sanhedrin, 8a: The Torah is warning the people to hold the Dayanim in awe, and the Dayanim to bear the people with patience. 1
What is "Kol ha'Devarim asher Ta'asun" referring to?
Rashi, Ramban #1 (citing the Sifri) and Targum Yonasan: It is referring to the ten distinctions 1 between Dinei Mamonos and Dini Nefashos. 2
Ramban #2: It is referring to the statutes, the laws, the way on which they should travel and the deeds that they should perform. 3
Oznayim la'Torah: With reference to the following Pesukim, Moshe is instructing the people to prpare for their forthcoming journey from Har Sinai, regarding the way the four camps travelled, the Mishkan travelling in the middle of the camps and the blowing of the trumpets which preceded their travelling. .
Sifsei Chachamim (citing the Mishnah in Sanhedrin, 32a): 1. The former require three judges, the latter, twenty-three; 2. The former: One may open the proceedings on the side of detriment, the latter - only on the side of merit; 3. The former: A majority of one suffices even for guilt, the latter - a majority of at least two is required for guilt; 4. The former: One brings back the defendant even to declare him guilty, the latter - only to declare him innocent; 5. The former: Everyone, both the Dayanim and the Talmidim, may present an argument to the side of guilt, the latter - only the Dayanim; 6. The former: A Dayan who gave a reason for Z'chus may give a reason for Chiyuv, the latter - he may not (while debating, although when they vote on the final verdict, he may retract, even for guilt); 7. The former: They judge by day, and may conclude the judgment in the night, the latter - must also conclude by day; 8. The former: They may conclude on the same day even to the detriment of the defendant, the latter - only to his merit; 9. The former: They may begin from the most senior Dayan, the latter
Why did Moshe not mention the fact that the appointment of judges came about through the advice of Yisro?
Ramban #1: Due to his humility - to avoid boasting about his father-in-law.
Ramban #2: Because it would have been to his detriment to remind them that he married a dark-skinned woman. 1
Ramban #3: Because he consulted Hashem and it was following His instructions that he finally appointed the judges.
See Bamidbar 12:1.
