1)

Why does the Torah insert the (otherwise superfluous) word "Kol Davar ... "?

1.

Shabbos, 58b: To teach us that even a metal vessel that is merely to 'speak' - to make a noise (such as a bell) needs to be Kashered in fire. 1


1

See Torah Temimah, note 29. It is not clear however, why a vessel that is not for eating requires Hag'alah. See Torah Temimah, note 32.

2)

What exactly, does the Pasuk mean when it writes "Kol Davar asher Yavo ba'Eish Ta'aviru ba'Eish"?

1.

Rashi, Ramban and Targum Yonasan: It means that the vessel must be Kashered in the way that it is used; If the food is heated with hot water and not with fire - such as cups, jugs and bottles, which are only used with cold cold, and which do therefore not absorb 1 it must be Kashered in boiling water, whereas if it is heated directly on the fire (Such as a spit-rod and a grille - Rashi), 2 then it must be Kashered with fire.


1

Ramban: Such as vessels made of tin or lead - and kettles - Targum Yonasan. Rashi in Sanhedrin, 39a: Which will burn if they are placed on the fire without water.

2

Ramban: Such as vessels made of iron or copper, silver or gold (or knives - Sifri).

3)

Why does the Torah insert the (otherwise superfluous) word "ve'Taher"?

1.

Avodah Zarah, 75b: To teach us that a utensil that one purchases from a Nochri requires not only Hag'alah, but also Tevilah. 1


1

See Torah Temimah, note 32.1. Refer also to 31:23:2:2 & 31:23:2.1:1.

4)

What are the implications of "Ach be'Mei Nidah Yischata"?

1.

Rashi #1, Rashbam ad Targum Onkelos: It implies that, in addition to being Kashered, the vessel also needs to be sprinkled with water containing ashes of the Parah Adumah.

2.

Rashi #2 (citing the Sifri), Seforno and Targum Yonasan: It implies that, besides Kashering, the vessel requires Tevilah in a Mikveh containing forty Sa'ah - sufficient for a Nidah to immerse in.

5)

Why does the Torah need to insert both "Vetaher" and "be'Mei Nidah"?

1.

Avodah Zarah, 75b: It writes "be'Mei Nidah" to teach us that they must be Toveled in a MiIkvah of forty Sa'ah, 1 and "Vetaher" to teach us that, as opposed to a Nidah, after Tevilah, the vessel does not require Ha'arev Shemesh (waiting until nightfall) before becoming completely Tahor..


1

See Torah Temimah, note 34.

6)

What does the Pasuk mean when it concludes "ve'Chol asher Lo Yavo ba'Eish, Ta'aviru ba'Mayim"?

1.

Rashi and Targum Yonasan: It means that vessels that are used only cold, such as cups, jugs and bottles, need only to be Toveled in a Mikvah, if they are made of metal. 1

2.

Ramban and Moshav Zekenim: It means that vessels that are only used cold must be scrubbed clean in water to remove all remains of Isur from them - and then Toveled.


1

Refer to question 31:23.

7)

What is the purpose of Hag'alas Keilim?

1.

Avodah Zarah, 75b: To remove the taste that is absorbed in the walls of the vessel (and exudes when it is heated). Consequently, it is confined to vessels that were used hot on the same day - After that, the taste merely spoils the food into which it exudes, and is permitted. 1


1

See Torah Temimah, note 31.

8)

Why were the Dinim of Hag'alas Keilim not discussed after the wars with Sichon and Og?

1.

Ramban, Riva and Rosh #1: Because Sichon and Og were kings of the Emori, 1 one of the seven nations, whose foods - even those that were not Kasher - were permitted, and whose Keilim did not therefore require Kashering 2 .

2.

Hadar Zekenim #1: There was a Cherem on what was taken from Sichon and Og. 3

3.

Da'as Zekenim, Hadar Zekenim #2 and Rosh #2: The other wars were in the field, and there were not household Keilim there. Here the war was in Midyan, and they looted the houses, so they needed to warn about absorptions in Keilim.


1

Ramban: As opposed to the war with Midyan, which was not one of conquest but of revenge.

2

Ramban: As the Gemara in Chulin 17a learns from the Pasuk in Devarim 6:11. Hadar Zekenim - this was not part of Cana'an. We do not bring Bikurim from there since the Torah writes "Asher Nasata Li", and not what we took by ourselves. The Heter was only for what Yehoshua conquered.

3

Hadar Zekenim: As the Torah writes in Devarim 2:34 "va'Nacharem es Kol Ir M'sim". And Chazal say in Sanhedrin 43b that Achan transgressed three Charamim - two in the days of Moshe.

QUESTIONS ON RASHI

9)

Rashi writes that "Ta'aviru ba'Mayim" means Tevilah. But "Ta'aviru" is not an expression of Tevilah; it should have said 'Tavi'u', like "ba'Mayim Yuva" (Vayikra 11:32) - and besides, the Chachamim learned Tevilah from "be'Mei Nidah Yischata"? Moreover, why did the Torah omit to teach us that even what is used only cold must be Kashered?

1.

Refer to 31:23:4:2.

2.

See Torah Temimah, note 30, who elaborates.

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