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ZEVACHIM 56

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(a) Rav Yehudah Amar Shmuel restricts the Chiyuv for a Tamei person to enter the Mikdash in a state of Tum'ah to an area a hundred and eighty-seven Amos long and a hundred and thirty five Amos wide - comprising the entire area of the Azarah, including the Ulam, the Heichal and the D'vir (the Kodesh Kodshim [even incorporating the Ta'im, the rooms in the wall behind it]), but precluding the Har ha'Bayis surrounding it.
(b) He is referring to - a Tamei Meis, but not to a Metzora, a Zav, or a Yoledes, who are Chayav for entering the Har ha'Bayis, too.
(c) When a Beraisa expert quoted a Beraisa to Rav Nachman citing these measurements, the latter commented in the name of his father - that besides the Chiyuv Tum'ah, the Kohanim are permitted to eat Kodshei Kodshim, and one is permitted to Shecht Kodshim Kalim there as well.
(d) The Tana cannot be coming to preclude the windows and the doors (of the walls of the Azarah) and the thickness of the walls, from that area - because the Mishnah in Pesachim includes them.

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(a) The Mishnah in Ma'aser Sheini rules that rooms that are situated in a Makom Chol, but which open out to the Kodesh are Kodesh. In spite of this Mishnah, we try to establish the Beraisa with regard to such rooms - by suggesting that the Mishnah is speaking mi'de'Rabbanan.
(b) We reject this answer however, based on another Beraisa - which specifically permits eating Kodshei Kodshim and the Sheyarei Menachos in those rooms ...
(c) ... proving categorically that the Isur Tum'ah is not just mi'de'Rabbanan and the Pasuk merely an Asmachta - because if the Rabbanan declare Chol to be Kodesh, it can only be le'Chumra, not le'Kula.
(d) The Beraisa learns the concession to eat Kodshei Kodshim in those areas, based on the Pasuk - (written in connection with the Minchah) "ba'Chatzar Ohel Mo'ed Yochluhah" (in spite of having already said "Matzos Te'achel") ...
(e) ... which the Torah is permitting here even though they are not really Kadosh. Therefore, Rava explains, a Tamei Meis is also permitted to enter.

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(a) Rava amends the Beraisa which inserts in the Halachos of rooms that are situated in a Makom Chol, but which open out to the Kodesh - 've'Ein Shochtin Sham Kodshim Kalim, ve'Chayavin Mishum Tum'ah', to read - ' ... ve'Ein Chayavin Mishum Tum'ah'.
(b) And he does that - based on the preceding phrase 've'Ein Shochtin Sham Kodshim Kalim'.
(c) We ...
1. ... query the suggestion that the reason that 'Ein Shochtin' is because it is not facing the doorway in that - if the reason that 'Ein Shochtin' is because it is not facing the doorway, what is the reason for 'Ein Chayavin Mishum Tum'ah' (seeing as Tum'ah does not need to be opposite the doorway in order to be Chayav). 2. ... refute the Kashya inasmuch as - if that was the reason, why should Chazal not institute that one Shechts opposite the doorway (even though it is not necessary to do so in the Azarah proper, as we explained).
(d) The common reason that covers both 'Ein Shochtin' and 'Ein Chayavin Mishum Tum'ah' is - the fact that these rooms were not sanctified with the Kedushah of the Azarah.

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(a) We can extrapolate from what we just said - that Achilas Kodshei Kodshim - does not require 'Pesach Ohel Mo'ed' (see Tzon Kodshim).
(b) Rava will reconcile this with the Beraisa, which attributed the two Pishp'shin to the need to permit both Achilas Kodshei Kodshim and Shechitas Kodshim Kalim in the relevant sections of the Azarah - by omitting Achilas Kodshei Kodshim from the text.
(c) And he reconciles that with the Pasuk in Tzav (in connection with the Shiv'as Yemei ha'Milu'im) "Bashlu es ha'Basar Pesach Ohel Mo'ed, ve'Sham Tochlu oso" - by confining the latter to the Shiv'as Yemei ha'Milu'im, which were Kodshei Sha'ah (a one-off occurrence), and there is a principle not to learn Doros from Sha'ah.

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(a) Rav Yitzchak bar Avudimi learns from the Pasuk in Tzav (in connection with the Korban Shelamim) "be'Yom Hakrivo es Zivcho Ye'achel" (regarding the Zerikas ha'Dam) - that a Kodshim animal can only be brought on the day that it is Shechted (i.e. that nightfall renders the blood Pasul).
(b) The Pasuk cannot just be coming to teach us the basic Halachah of when the Korban Shelamim may be eaten - because then it would have omitted the word "Hakrivu" (and written "be'Yom Zivcho Ye'achel").
(c) We then suggest that maybe the Pasuk is coming to teach us that if the blood is sprinkled today, it may be eaten today and tomorrow, whereas if it is sprinkled tomorrow, then it may be eaten tomorrow and the day after - based on the Lashon "Hakrivo Ye'achel", implying that the time period during which it may be eaten is determined by the Zerikah, and not by the Shechitah.
(d) We refute this suggestion however - based on the word "Zivcho", which would then be superfluous (and the Torah ought to have written "be'Yom Hakrivo Ye'achel ... ").

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(a) With regard to 'ha'Mechashev le'Or Shelishi' - meaning that the Shochet has in mind to eat the Korban the night after the second day, Chizkiyah rules Kasher.
(b) Rebbi Yochanan holds - Pasul.
(c) According to ...
1. ... Chizkiyah, the Korban is Kasher - because it is not completely Pasul until the morning, when it is due to be burned.
2. ... Rebbi Yochanan nevertheless says Pasul - because once the second day ends, it may no longer be eaten.

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(a) By the same token, if someone ate the Basar of a Shelamim on the night after the second day, they argue as to whether he is Chayav - a Korban for Shig'gas Nosar or not.
(b) There too, Chizkiyah rules - Patur, and Rebbi Yochanan - Chayav (based on the same reasoning as to why in the previous case they ruled Kasher and Pasul, respectively,).
(c) We cite a Beraisa like Rebbi Yochanan. According to the Tana, Pigul is effective by all Korbanos, with regard to ...
1. ... the Dam - if he has in mind to sprinkle it from the moment night falls following the Shechitah.
2. ... the Eimurin - if he has in mind to burn them the next morning.
(d) He makes a distinction however, with regard to the Basar, between Korbanos that can be eaten for one day - when Pigul is effective if during the Shechitah, he has in mind to eat the Korban at dawn-break (like by burning the Eimurim), and Korbanos that can be eaten for two - if he intends to eat them after the following nightfall (like Rebbi Yochanan).

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(a) The Beraisa suggests that one ought to be able to eat Shelamim the night after the second day - just like one can eat Kodshei Kodshim the night after the first day.
(b) The Tana extrapolates from the Pasuk in Kedoshim "ve'ha'Nosar ad Yom ... " - that one may only eat them until the end of the second day (but not at night [refuting it]).
(c) The Tana also suggests that one ought to burn Nosar of Shelamim the night after they become forbidden - just as one burns Kodshei Kodshim immediately after they become Asur (at the end of the first night).
(d) He extrapolates from the Pasuk there "ba'Yom ha'Shelishi ba'Eish Yisaref" - that in fact, they may only be burned the morning after they become Asur (refuting it).

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(a) Our Mishnah discusses the Korban B'chor, Ma'aser and Pesach, which can be Shechted - anywhere in the Azarah.
(b) The Tana learns that they only require one Matanah, because the Torah ...
1. ... writes by B'chor - "es Damam Tizrok", and ...
2. ... does not write by any of them "Saviv".
(c) The Matanah is performed - on any corner of the Mizbe'ach that has a Y'sod.

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(a) B'chor differs from Ma'aser - inasmuch as it is given to, and eaten by Kohanim. Pesach on the other hand, can only be eaten by someone who has registered to eat that particular Pesach, whereas Ma'aser can be eaten by anybody.
(b) Both B'chor and Ma'aser can be eaten anywhere in Yerushalayim - and so can the Pesach.
(c) We know this - from the Pasuk in Parshas Re'ei, which requires all Korbanos (including Shelamim, B'chor and Ma'aser) to be brought to Yerushalayim. And since no other boundaries are prescribed for Kodshim Kalim, it is assumed that they can be eaten anywhere in the city.
(d) And both can be eaten in any way, for two days and the night in between - whereas the Pesach can only be eaten from nightfall until mid-night, and has to be roasted.

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(a) The Torah writes in Korach (in connection with B'chor) "es Damam Tizrok al ha'Mizbe'ach ve'es Chelbam Tatir". Rebbi Yossi Hagelili in a Beraisa, learns from the Torah's use of the plural ("Damam" and "Chelbam") - that the blood of Ma'aser Beheimah and of Pesach has to be sprinkled on the Mizbe'ach, and their Cheilev burned on the Mizbe'ach, like that of B'chor.
(b) We establish our Mishnah like Rebbi Yossi Hagelili - because the Tana differentiates between the way the three Korbanos have to be eaten, but not the way their blood is sprinkled or their Eimurim treated.
(c) Rebbi Yishmael disagrees with our Mishnah - inasmuch as he holds that Pesach requires Shefichah and not Zerikah.

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(a) Rebbi Elazar learns the Din of Y'sod by all three via a 'Gezeirah-Shavah' "Zerikah" "Zerikah" from Olah, which we know - because the Torah writes (by Chatas "el Y'sod Mizbach ha'Olah [at least, we would learn it from there if not for the fact that we have a 'Kal-va'Chomer' from Chatas] see also Shitah Mekubetzes).
(b) And from the fact that the Torah writes "Saviv" by Olah and "Saviv" by Chatas, we learn - that B'chor, Ma'aser and Pesach do not require four Matanos in the manner that Olah and Chatas do (See Tosfos and Shitah Mekubetzes here and in the Hashmatos), due to the principle 'Sh'nei Kesuvim ha'Ba'in ke'Echad, Ein Melamdin).
(c) According to those who hold 'Melamdin' - we have a third Pasuk by Asham (and everyone agrees that 'Sheloshah Kesuvim ... Ein Melamdin').
(d) From this Sugya it is clear - that even though 'Sh'nei Kesuvim ha'Ba'im ke'Echad' generally comes to negate a 'Binyan-Av', it will also negate a 'Gezeirah-Shavah', when need be.

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