Prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
of Kollel Iyun Hadaf of Yerushalayim
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| ZEVACHIM 2 - Dedicated by Dr. Chaim Bitton of Geneva Switzerland in honor of his dear wife, Melissa Lea, in gratitude for her tremendous efforts on his behalf and her dedication as a true Eshet Chayil. |
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(a) Our Mishnah rules - that Kabalah, Holachah or Zerikah she'Lo li'Sheman invalidate a Pesach or a Chatas (just like Shechitah does).
(b) When the Tana extends this ruling to ...
1. ... 'li'Sheman ve'she'Lo li'Sheman', he means - that he performed any o the above Avodos having in mind le'Shem Pesach and le'Shem Shelamim (in that order).
2. ... 'she'Lo li'Sheman ve'li'Sheman' - that he performed them le'Shem Shelamim and le'Shem Pesach.
(c) Rebbi Shimon disagrees with the Tana Kama regarding - Holachah, which he maintains, does not render the Korban Pasul with a Machsheves she'Lo li'Shemo ...
(d) ... because it is dispensable (since it would not be necessary if he was standing beside the Mizbe'ach).
(e) Rebbi Elazar - invalidates a Machshavah Pesulah by a 'Holachah be'Makom she'Hu Tzarich Le'halech', but validates it by a 'Holachah be'Makom she'Eino Tzarich Le'halech' (a distinction which will be explained in the Sugya).
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(a) In the Pasuk in Vayikra "Veshachat es ben ha'Bakar, Vehikrivu B'nei Aharon ha'Kohanim es ha'Dam", the Beraisa interprets the word "Vehikrivu" to mean - the Kabalas ha'Dam ... (b) ... which teaches us that Kabalas ha'Dam requires a K'li Shareis).
(c) And we learn from "B'nei Aharon ha'Kohanim" - that it also requires Kasher Kohanim who are wearing the four Bigdei Kehunah.
(d) We suggest that "Ve'hikrivu" really means 'Zerikah' - because the word implies 'bringing near to the Mizbe'ach' (which is what Zerikah does to the blood).
(e) We know that it does not mean ...
1. ... Zerikah - since the Torah then writes "Ve'zarku ... " independently.
2. ... Holachah - because it is dispensable (though the Torah nevertheless implies it by using the word "Vehikrivu" [as we just learned]).
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(a) Rebbi Akiva disagrees with the Tana Kama's D'rashah (from "B'nei Aharon ha'Kohanim") - and he learns it (the Din of Kasher Kohanim by Kabalah) from the 'Gezeirah-Shavah' "B'nei Aharon" "B'nei Aharon" (from the Pasuk in Bamidbar "Eileh Sh'mos B'nei Aharon ... "), which refers to Elazar and Isamar, who were Kasher Kohanim.
(b) And he learns from "asher Milei Yadam Lechahen" written there" - that Kabalah also requires Bigdei Kehunah (as this is what "Lechahen" implies).
(c) Rebbi Tarfon commented about the corollary between Kabalah and Zerikah - which seemingly clashed with his Kabalah that distinguished between them (only he couldn't recall what that distinction was).
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(a) Rebbi Akiva put Rebbi Tarfon's mind at rest, by presenting three distinctions between the two, one to do with Machshavah, one with Chutz and one with Pesulin. And the three distinctions we are referring to are - 1. A Machsheves P'sul invalidates by Zerikah; 2. Someone who makes Zerikah ba'Chutz is Chayav Kareis and 3. If Pesulin perform Zerikah, they are Chayav, all of which do not pertain to Kabalah.
(b) Kabalah ...
1. ... ba'Chutz is not Chayav Kareis - because there is no Pasuk to that effect (like there is by Shechitah and Zerikah).
2. ... via Pesulim is not subject to Kareis either - because it is not an Avodah Tamah (a final Avodah, since it is followed by Zerikah).
(c) Rebbi Tarfon was so impressed with Rebbi Akiva - because he (Rebbi Tarfon) had learned it and forgotten it, and along came Rebbi Akiva and worked out of his own accord what he had so diligently learned and forgotten.
(d) He subsequently declared - that to part from Rebbi Akiva, was to part from life itself.
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(a) In any event, Rebbi Akiva clearly states that Machshavah by Kabalah does not render the Korban Pasul. We reconcile this with our Mishnah, which holds that it does - by establishing the Beraisa by Pigul (a Machshavah of she'Lo bi'Zemano or she'Lo bi'Mekomo'), whereas our Mishnah speaks by a Machsheves she'Lo li'Shemo'.
(b) And we prove this from the Lashon in our Mishnah, which states 'she'ha'Zevach Nifsal be'Arba'ah Avodos' - and not 'Mispagel'.
(c) Given that in the Pasuk in Tzav "ve'Im He'achol Ye'achel mi'Besar Zevach Shelamav Lo Yeratzeh", "Lo Yeratzeh" refers predominantly to Zerikah, the Beraisa learns from the Lashon "ve'Im He'achol Ye'achel" - that Shechitah and Kabalah are also subject to Pigul.
(d) The Tana extrapolates this from there - because of the Lashon "He'achol Ye'achel", which indicates that any Avodos which bring the Korban to a Heter Achilah, are included.
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(a) We suggest - that Shefichas Shirayim and Haktaras Eimurin (pouring the remains of the blood on to the Yesod and burning the fat-pieces on the Mizbe'ach) ought to be included in the above list.
(b) We reject this suggestion however, based on the Pasuk there "ha'Makriv Oso Lo Yechashev", which teaches us the Din of Pigul by Zerikah. This is strange - because we already know that from the previous Pasuk, where "Lo Yeratzeh" refers directly to Zerikah (as we explained), even if it does incorporate Shechitah and Kabalah too.
(c) Consequently - this is a case of a 'Davar she'Hayah bi'Ch'lal ve'Yatza min ha'Klal Le'lamed ... ' ...
(d) ... which teaches us that whatever is not an Avodah crucial to the Kaparah (like Zerikah [such as Shefichas Shirayim and Haktaras Eimurin, which are dispensable, Bedieved]) is not subject to Pigul.
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(a) In any event, we see that Kabalah is subject to Pigul. We reconcile this with Rebbi Akiva, who learned in the previous Beraisa that it is not - by presenting two interpretations of 'Kabalah being subject to Pigul': 1. that one Shechts in order to receive the blood tomorrow (which is not Pigul); 2. that one receives the blood in order to pour the remainder of the blood on to the Yesod tomorrow (which is).
(b) With regard to the Beraisa, which precludes Shefichas Shirayim ... from the Din of Pigul, a certain Chacham asked Rava from another Beraisa, which learns from the double Lashon "ve'Im He'achol Ye'achel" - that the Torah incorporates two kinds of eating in the Din of Pigul, what a person (the owner or the Kohen) eats, and what the Mizbe'ach eats (i.e. Zerikas ha'Dam, Shefichas ha'Dam and Haktaras Eimurim).
(c) Rava answered him (in the same vein as we just explained Kabalas ha'Dam) - that there are two interpretation of 'Shefichas ha'Dam being subject to Pigul': Shefichas Shirayim ... is subject to Pigul if one thinks during the Shechitah or the Zerikah that he will pour the remainder of the blood or burn the Eimurim tomorrow; but it is not, if the Kohen thinks whilst pouring the blood or burning the Emurim, that the Korban will be eaten tomorrow.
(d) The guiding principle in this matter is - that it is Pigul only if, whilst performing an indispensable Avodah, the Kohen has in mind either that the Korban will be eaten or the Mizbe'ach will receive its due, after its allotted time (or outside its allotted location).
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(a) With regard to the Chata'os Penimiyos, the Torah writes "Ve'taval ha'Kohen Etzba'o ... ". Rav Yehudah b'rei de'Rebbi Chiya commented that Tevilas Etzba by Chata'os Penimiyos - is subject to Pigul.
(b) When Ilfa repeated this Chidush in front of bar Pada, the latter queried it - inasmuch as we learn all cases of Pigul from Shelamim, and there is no such thing as Tevilas ha'Dam by Shelamim.
(c) The Mishnah rules in the second Perek that in a case where, after a Korban Chatas has been Shechted with thoughts of Pigul, the Kohen makes Kabalah or Holachah she'Lo li'Shemo, the person who eats it is not Chayav Chatas - because Pigul is only effective if the Kohen goes on to sacrifice the Korban as if it was Kasher, but not if he then performs an Avodah that would normally render the animal Pasul.
(d) Nevertheless, if the same occurs with a Shelamim, the Din of Pigul remains intact - because she'Lo li'Shemo does not invalidate a Shelamim.
(a)Despite the fact that, as we explained earlier, we learn Pigul by Chatas from Pigul by Shelamim, the difference between the Din of Chatas and that of Shelamim that we just cited is possible - because we do not learn Chatas from Shelamim directly, but from a Ribuy ("ve'Im He'achol Ye'achel") written by Shelamim ...
(b) ... thereby vindicating Rav Yehudah b'rei de'Rebbi Chiya - in that we can now learn the Dinim of Chatas independently, without having to come on to Shelamim.
(c) In a repeat of the Sugya, Resh Lakish (who holds like bar Pada) asks Rebbi Yehoshua ben Levi (who holds like Rav Yehudah b'rei de'Rebbi Chiya) the same Kashya as bar Pada asked Rav Yehudah b'rei de'Rebbi Chiya. Only there, Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Chanina concludes that we do indeed learn Chatas from Shelamim - not from she'Lo li'Shemo, but from a Machshavah of Chutz li'Mekomo (which renders Shelamim, Pasul, even though a Machsheves she'Lo li'Shemo does not).
(d) Rebbi Yirmiyah however, queries this Limud. We cannot learn the Din of she'Lo li'Shemo (by Chatas) from Chutz li'Mekomo (by Shelamim), he argues - because only Chutz li'Mekomo (which applies to all Kodshim), invalidates the Pigul by a Shelamim; but perhaps she'Lo li'Shemo (which does not), will not invalidate the Pigul by a Chatas.
(a) We therefore learn Chatas from Shelamim with a 'Mah Matzinu' from Shelamim via a set of principles. We learn ...
1. ... that she'Lo li'Shemo by a Chatas negates the Pigul that preceded it - because, like Chutz li'Mekomo by a Shelamim, it renders Pasul a Chatas (so we learn something that renders Pasul from something that renders Pasul).
2. ... that Tevilas Etzba renders Pigul by Chata'os ha'Penimiyos - because, like the four Avodos by Shelamim, it is crucial to the Avodah of a Chatas Penimis (so we learn something that is crucial from something that is crucial).
(b) Rav Mari tries to prove this from a Mishnah in Menachos, where the Tana rules - that a Kohen performing the Kemitzah, placing the Minchah into a K'li Shareis, taking it to the Mizbe'ach and burning it on the Mizbe'ach - are all subject to Pigul, if he has in mind to either burn the Kometz or to eat the remainder of the Minchah, on the following day.
(c) These four Avodos correspond to the Shechitah (Kemitzah), Kabalas ha'Dam (placing the Minchah into a K'li Shareis), Holachas ha'Dam (taking it to the Mizbe'ach) and the Zerikah (burning it on the Mizbe'ach) of a Zevach.
(d) Although we can learn the other three from the corresponding Avodos by a Shelamim quite comfortably, the problem with learning Matan Kometz bi'Cheli from Kabalas ha'Dam is - that whereas the former requires an act, the latter occurs automatically.
(a) Rav Mari therefore learns from the Mishnah in Menachos that we can derive one indispensable Avodah by one Korban (such as Tevilas Etzba by Chata'os ha'Penimiyos) from an indispensable Avodah by another Korban (such as Holachah by a Shelamim), even though they are different.
(b) We refute Rav Mari's proof however, on the grounds - that, at the end of the day, placing the Kometz in the K'li is the exact equivalent of receiving the blood in the vessel, we can learn one from the other, irrespective of the fact that one requires an act whilst the other occurs automatically; whereas Tevilas Etzba and Holachah are two different Avodos, in which case we should not be able to learn one from the other.
(c) One Beraisa states 'Tevilas Etzba Mefageles be'Chatas', whilst another Beraisa states 'Lo Mefageles ve'Lo Mispageles'. Initially, we explain - that the first Beraisa considers Tevilas Etzba'o like Holachah (like the opinion of Rav Yehudah b'rei de'Rebbi Chiya, and those who hold like him), whereas the second Beraisa does not (like bar Pada, and those who hold like him).
(d) We counter that both Beraisos may well hold that Tevilas Etzba renders Pigul like Holachah, and the author of the Beraisa 'Lo Mefageles ... ' is Rebbi Shimon, who holds - that Holachah is not subject to Pigul (as we learned in the previous Mishnah).
(a) The problem with establishing the latter Beraisa like Rebbi Shimon is the fact that we are talking about Pigul in the Heichal, in which case - the Tana would not have had to confine the statement to Tevilas Etzba, seeing as in his opinion, there is no Pigul outside the Mizbe'ach ha'Chitzon.
(b) So we establish both Beraisos like the Rabbanan. And we ascribe 'Lo Mefageles ... ' in the second Beraisa to the fact - that the Tana is talking about a Chatas Chitzonah (whose blood is sprinkled on the Mizbe'ach ha'Chitzon).
(c) We ask on that 'P'shita' - because seeing as the Torah does not write 'Vetaval' by a Chatas Chitzonah, why would we even think that Tevilas Etzba is subject to Pigul?
(a) In fact, when the Torah writes (by Chatas Chitzonah) "Ve'lakach ha'Kohen mi'Dam ha'Chatas be'Etzba'o", it is referring to Kabalas ha'Dam, and not to Tevilas Etzba'o - in which case it should have written ''Vetaval ha'Kohen".
(b) We might nevertheless have thought that it does - seeing as when all's said and done, "Ve'lakach ha'Kohen ... " also implies that the Kohen has to take blood on his finger, and if a monkey would do it for him, he would be obligated to do it again himself. This suggests that Tevilas Etzba is an Avodah that is crucial to the Chatas, and which should therefore be subject to Pigul.
(c) Yet Tevilas Etzba'o is not subject to Pigul - because since the Torah does not specifically write "Ve'taval", even though it is crucial to the Chatas, it is not considered an Avodah (but a means of performing the Avodah, something like a Hechsher Mitzvah).
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