1)

WHAT IS CONSIDERED A SHINUY MAKOM? [Berachos: Shinuy Makom]

(a)

Gemara

1.

(Mishnah): Kodshei Kodoshim, (... Kodshim Kalim and Ma'aser Sheni could be eaten any place from which Shilo could be seen).

2.

118b (Beraisa): 'Any place from which Shilo could be seen' is any place from where all of it is visible, but not if there is an obstruction in between.

3.

(Rav Papa): All of Shilo need not be visible. It suffices if part of it can be seen.

4.

Question (Rav Papa): If Shilo is visible to one who stands, but not to one who sits, what is the law?

5.

Question (R. Yirmeyah): If Shilo is visible to one who stands on the edge of the valley, but not to one standing in the valley, what is the law?

6.

These questions are not resolved.

7.

Pesachim 101b (Rav Chisda citing Rav Huna): A change of place from one house to another mandates a new blessing, but within one house it does not.

8.

(Rav Chisda): A change of place mandates a new blessing only regarding foods that do not require a Berachah (Acharonah) in their place (where they were eaten). No new Berachah is required for foods that require a Berachah in their place.

9.

Since he must return (to where he ate), it is considered a continuation of his meal.

10.

(Rav Sheshes): A new blessing is required in either case.

11.

(Beraisa): If friends were reclining to drink and uprooted themselves to greet a groom or bride, they need not bless before leaving or when returning, i.e. if someone remained there. If not, they need a Berachah Acharonah on what they ate, and a new Berachah Rishonah when they return.

(b)

Rishonim

1.

Shitah Mekubetzes (118b:5): The words 'all of these' must be deleted from the text (regarding seeing Shilo. We must say so, for if the Beraisa requires seeing all of it, we should have challenged Rav Papa from the Beraisa! - PF)

2.

Rambam (Hilchos Berachos 4:5): If people were reclining to drink or eat Peros, if one changed his place, this is a Hefsek. Therefore, he must bless on what he ate, and say a new blessing before eating more. One who goes from one corner in a house to another corner need not bless again. If he ate to the east of a tree, and he wants to eat to the west of the tree, he must bless again.

i.

Ra'avad: In the last case, he must bless again only if he did not intend for this from the beginning.

ii.

Kesef Mishneh and Beis Yosef (OC 178 DH Garsinan): This is from the Yerushalmi. The Ra'avad explains that the Yerushalmi discusses one who intended to eat his entire meal in the east, and reconsidered to finish in the west. He did not reconsider to eat more (like Migdal Oz says). If he initially intended to finish in the west, this is not like from house to house. The Rambam cited the Yerushalmi, like he often does. Even though from corner to corner is not a Shinuy Makom, that is because the walls of the house encompass both places. Therefore, they are like one place. This does not apply to one who ate to the east of a tree, and came to the west. The tree is in a place without walls. This shows that in a place without walls, even a tiny Shinuy Makom is a Shinuy. The Yerushalmi mentioned a date tree; this was merely a typical case. However, perhaps in a place without walls, whenever one can see his initial place, this is not a Shinuy Makom. The date tree prevents him from seeing the east (his initial place) when he is in the west. This is more reasonable. The Ra'avad holds like Rabbeinu Nisim, which the Tur brought in Siman 273 regarding Kidush.

iii.

Ran (Pesachim 20a DH v'Afilu): If Shmuel said Kidush on the ground floor, and went to the roof, he would repeat Kidush (101a). We cannot learn from here about from one corner to another. Some say that if one can see the place where he said Kidush, he need not repeat it. This is like two groups eating in one house (who see each other). They make one Zimun together.

3.

Tosfos (101b DH Ela): Shinuy Makom is even in one house, from the roof to the ground floor, or from a room to a house, but not from corner to corner.

(c)

Poskim

1.

Shulchan Aruch (OC 178:1): If one was eating in a house, and interrupted his meal and went to another house, or he was eating and his friend called him to speak with him, and he left to the doorway of his house and returned, since he changed his place, he must bless on what he ate, and bless ha'Motzi again, and then finish his meal.

i.

Beis Yosef (DH v'Chosav): The Ran says that from one place to another is not a Hefsek. Even though regarding Kidush, which must be in the place of the meal, changing to another corner requires a new Kidush, that is because fixing a meal is only in the place of the actual meal. It is not normal to fix a meal in the entire house. One does not fix a place to drink wine. This connotes that for bread and Mezonos, for which one fixes a place, if he changed even from place to place, he must bless again. This is only according to the Rif and Rambam, who rule like Rav Sheshes. Those who rule like Rav Chisda do not require a new Berachah even if he changed from house to house, for foods that do not require a Berachah Acharonah in their initial place.

ii.

Beis Yosef (DH v'Zeh): Orchos Chayim says that if one was in an orchard or garden and wants to eat from all the trees, it suffices to bless on one tree. This is like from corner to corner. From garden to garden surely he needs a new Berachah, even if they are near each other and he intended for this from the beginning. Even in one garden, if he initially intended to eat only from one tree, he must bless again. This is like the Rambam and Ra'avad.

iii.

Gra (DH Oh): The Ran explains that Shinuy Makom is whether or not he returned to his initial place. We learn from the Beraisa of friends who went to greet a groom (it is even if they will return).

iv.

Gra (DH l'Pesach): He left to the doorway really means that he went out of the doorway. This is like going to another house.

v.

Mishnah Berurah (1): We discuss one who was eating alone in the house. If not, he need not bless again, like it says in Sa'if 2.

vi.

Mishnah Berurah (2): Even if he did not delay at all, rather, he immediately returned, this is called a Shinuy Makom, and all the more so if he wants to finish in the second place.

vii.

Mishnah Berurah (3): To another room is like to another house, unless he had intent from the beginning.

viii.

Mishnah Berurah (4): This teaches that even though he did not cease his meal at all, and merely left the doorway to speak, it is as if he went to another house.

ix.

Mishnah Berurah (5): If he spoke with him in the doorway, this is not a Shinuy Makom.

x.

Mishnah Berurah (7): When one wants to leave, he must bless before leaving, like it says in Sa'if 2. B'Di'eved, if he did not, he must return to his initial place and bless there, for that is the Mitzvah. Afterwards, he blesses ha'Motzi and eats in the new place.

2.

Shulchan Aruch (ibid.): If he spoke with him in the house, even if he went from one corner to another corner, he need not bless again.

i.

Gra (DH Aval): This is like the text of the Rif, Rosh and Tosfos, that from corner to corner is not a Shinuy Makom (unlike the Ran's text).

ii.

Mishnah Berurah (9): From corner to corner is in the same room, even if he cannot see his initial place because something interrupts in between, e.g. an oven.

3.

Rema: See Siman 273. If he intended to eat in the other place, this is not called changing his place, if both places are in one house. See Siman 184

i.

Magen Avraham (2): Seeing one's initial place helps like intent to eat in the latter place.

ii.

Kaf ha'Chayim (4): Even ha'Ozer says that from room to room, even if he sees his initial place, does not help, unless he had intent from the beginning. L'Chatchilah one should be concerned for this. B'Di'eved, one relies on the Magen Avraham, for Safek Berachos Lehakel.

iii.

Gra (DH v'Ayen): The laws of Shinuy Makom for Kidush and for a meal are the same.

iv.

Mishnah Berurah (11): From the beginning means at the time he blessed before eating.

v.

Mishnah Berurah (12): In one house means under one roof, even from room to room or from the house to the Aliyah, even if he cannot see his initial place. the same applies if he sees his initial place through a window. Even seeing part of the place suffices, even if he did not intend from the beginning. This is within one house. From house to house, the Acharonim are unsure if one may be lenient through seeing tnp. Since we do not bless again due to a Shinuy Makom during a bread meal, this is relevant only if he was eating Peros.

vi.

Chayei Adam (59:12): If one gathered fruits to eat them here, and reconsidered to take it with him and eat it on the way, as long as he sees his initial place, he need not bless again. Where he cannot see his initial place, whether it is due to trees in between (in Zevachim we say that 'seeing' does not include when there is an obstruction in between. We must say that the same applies here), or because it is too far away, he must bless again. Hash-m if he blessed standing on the ground, and reconsidered to sit in a wagon, unless he intended from the beginning. Perhaps intent does not help for this, for it is like from house to house. This is only in a place not surrounded by walls, but since he cannot see his initial place, it is like from house to house. This requires investigation. One who fears Shamayim will be careful to have intent from the beginning when in a place not surrounded by walls.

4.

Shulchan Aruch (2): One who changed his place from corner to corner in one house need not bless again. However, if one was eating to the east of a tree, and came to eat in the west, he must bless again.

5.

Rema: Some say that Shinuy Makom is only like Hesech ha'Da'as, so he need not bless on what he ate, only on what he intends to eat now. If he was eating with people and some remained, or if he ate things that require a Berachah where they were eaten, he need not bless again.

i.

Kaf ha'Chayim (14): Here, even we (who normally follow the Mechaber) follow the Rama, because we are lenient not to say Safek Berachos.

ii.

Kaf ha'Chayim (15): If one leaves his place and continues to eat while he goes, this is not a Shinuy Makom.

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