(Beraisa): One may put hot water into cold, but not cold into hot. This is like Beis Shamai. ("Put into'' connotes that the addition is less than the amount in the receiving Kli);

Beis Hillel permit both hot into cold and cold into hot.

This refers to a cup, but in a bath, hot into cold is permitted, and cold into hot is forbidden. R. Shimon ben Menasiya permits.

Rav holds like R. Shimon ben Menasiya, and R. Yochanan holds like R. Yochanan ben Nuri;

(Beraisa - R. Yochanan ben Nuri): One may fill a barrel with water and put it near a fire, not to get hot, rather, to blunt its chill.

One may descend and immerse in cold water, and ascend and warm himself near a fire. R. Meir says so;

Chachamim forbid.

Question: R. Meir says properly! What is Chachamim's reason?

Answer: It is like R. Ze'ira said in the name of Rav Yehudah. One may put [food and drink] to get warm in a place that ha'Yad Sholetes. One may not put to get warm in a place that Ein ha'Yad Sholetes.

Question: Even in a place that is Ein ha'Yad Sholetes - until when [is it permitted? I.e. what is the Shi'ur of Ein ha'Yad Sholetes? - PNEI MOSHE]

Answer (R. Yudah bar Pazi citing R. Yosi ben Chaninah): It is until one puts his hand there, and it is scalded.

All (R. Shimon ben Menasiya and the first Tana) agree that it is permitted [to mix cold and hot water, to make it warm] in a Kli Sheni.

Question: What is the difference between a Kli Rishon and a Kli Sheni? (Why is the latter permitted more than the former?)

Answer #1 (R. Yosi): Here (in a Kli Sheni, presumably) ha'Yad Sholetes, and here (in a Kli Rishon, we forbid when) Ein ha'Yad Sholetes.

Answer #2 (R. Yonah): Here and here, Ein ha'Yad Sholetes. (Even so, since it is not on the fire, it cannot cook.) Rather, [Chachamim] made a fence to distance [from cooking] for a Kli Rishon, and they did not distance for a Kli Sheni.

(R. Mana): A bowl of rice supports my father (R. Yonah). A bowl of beans supports my father. You transfer it from Kli to Kli, and still it is boiling! (Even a Kli Sheni can be Ein ha'Yad Sholetes.)

(Mishnah): If one removed a frying pan or pot from the fire, one may not put spices into it [on Shabbos].

One may put [spices] into a bowl or plate.

R. Yehudah says, one may put into any [food], except for one with vinegar or brine.

(Gemara) Question: May one put spices below, and pour onto them from [a Kli] above?

Answer #1 (R. Yonah): It is forbidden. Iruy (pouring from a Kli Rishon) is like a Kli.

Source: He learns from a Mishnah - the same applies to [a Kli Cheres] in which [Kodshim] were cooked, and [a Kli Cheres] in which hot [Kodshim] were poured. (It must be broken, for it absorbed Kodshim, and in less than two days it will be Nosar.)

Rebuttal (and Answer #2 - R. Yosi): There, [we find that] a Kli Cheres absorbs [through Iruy, but] spices are not cooked [through Iruy]!

Defense (of source - R. Yosi bei R. Bun - Beraisa): The same applies in a copper Kli. (Merikah u'Shtifah is needed if hot Kodshim were poured into it.)

Can you say that a copper Kli absorbs [without cooking - HA'EMEK SHE'ELAH (Matos 137:19, b'Sof)]?!

Question: May one pour [spices] together with Iruy [from a Kli Rishon]?

Answer (R. Chananyah brei d'R. Hillel): R. Yonah and R. Yosi argue about this. (R. Yonah forbids, just like he forbids pouring onto them. R. Yosi permits, just like he permits pouring onto them.)

Question (R. Yitzchak bar Gufta, to R. Mana): If one did so [Iruy from a Kli Rishon onto uncooked food] on Shabbos, is he liable for cooking? If one did so with meat and milk, is he liable for cooking [them together]?

Answer (R. Mana): This is like R. Ze'ira said - what is proper Chalut (flour scalded in hot water, which impedes Chametz)? It is when the fire is underneath. What is a proper Tavshil? It is when the fire is underneath. (If not, it is not properly cooked. Therefore, if one did Iruy, he is exempt for Shabbos or meat and milk.)

(Mishnah - R. Yehudah): One may put into any [food], except for one with vinegar or brine.

According to R. Yehudah, salt is like brine, and wine is like vinegar.