1)

TUM'AH DUE TO A SHEFIR (Yerushalmi Perek 3 Halachah 3 Daf 10b)

îúðé' äîôìú ùôéø îìà îéí îìà ãí îìà âðéðéï àéðä çåùùú ìååìã

(a)

(Mishnah): If a woman miscarried a Shefir (the outer skin of a fetus before bones form) full of water, full of blood or full of different colors, she is not concerned lest there was a child;

åàí äéä îøå÷í úùá ìæëø åìð÷éáä:

(b)

If it was Merukam (it has a human form inside), she sits for (adopts the stringencies of Yoledes) male and female.

âî' úðé îìà îéí èîàä ìéãä îìà ãí èîàä ðéãä îìà áùø èîàä ðãä

(c)

(Gemara - Beraisa): If [a Shefir] is full of water, she is Tamei Leidah. If it is full of blood, she is Tamei Nidah. If it is full of flesh, she is Tamei Nidah.

åäà úðéðï äîôìú ùôéø îìà îéí îìà ãí îìà âðéðéí àéðä çåùùú ìååìã

(d)

Question (Mishnah): If a woman miscarried a Shefir full of water, full of blood or full of different colors, she is not concerned lest there was a child.

øáé áéáé áùí ø"ù áï ì÷éù îúðéúà áöìåìéï áøééúà áòëåøéï

(e)

Answer #1 (R. Bivi citing Reish Lakish): Our Mishnah discusses when it is clear. The Beraisa discusses when it is cloudy.

øáé ñéîåï áùí øáé éäåùò áï ìåé åàôéìå öìåìéï ùàéï ùôéø àìà áàãí áìáã

(f)

Answer #2 (R. Simon citing R. Yehoshua ben Levi): [The Beraisa] could even discuss when it is clear. (It argues with our Mishnah.) Shefir applies only to people (but if an animal miscarried a Shefir, it is not considered a child to exempt from Bechorah. If it was cloudy, this suggests that there was a fetus, and it dissolved);

äãà äéà ãëúéá [àéåá ìç è] áùåîé òðï ìáåùå åòøôì çúåìúå ìáåùå æä äùôéø åòøôì çúåìúå æä äùéìéà

1.

It says "b'Shumi Anan Levusho va'Arafel Chasulaso" - Levusho is the Shefir, and va'Arafel Chasulaso is the Shilya.

ùôéø ùðú÷ì÷ìä öåøúå îäå

(g)

Question: If the form of a Shefir was ruined, what is the law?

øáé éåçðï àîø ååìã

(h)

Answer #1 (R. Yochanan): It is a child.

ø"ù áï ì÷éù àîø àéðå ååìã

(i)

Answer #2 (Reish Lakish): It is not a child.

îúéá ø"ù áï ì÷éù ÷åîé øáé éåçðï îä áéðå ìáéï äîú ùðñøç åàéï ùìãå ÷ééîú

(j)

Question (Reish Lakish, to R. Yochanan): What is the difference between this, and a Mes that decayed and its skeleton is not intact?

à"ì úîï áãéï äéä àôéìå ùìãå ÷ééîú éäà èäåø åìîä àîøå èîà îôðé ëáåãå áøí äëà ååìã äåà.

(k)

Answer (R. Yochanan): According to letter of the law, even if its skeleton is intact, it is Tahor. Why did they say that it is Tamei? It is due to his honor. However, here it is a child.

àé æäå ùôéø îøå÷í ùàîøå (ëì ùúçéìú áøééúå ãåîä ìøùåï) [ðøàä ùö"ì àáà ùàåì àåîø úçéìú áøééúå ëøùåï, ëîå áòøåê òøê øùåï]

(l)

What is a Shefir Merukam that they said? Its initial creation is the size of a locust.

(àéï áåã÷éï àåúå áîéí îôðé ùäï òæéï åòåëøéï àåúå àìà áùîï îôðé ùäåà îúåï åîæâæâ åàéï áåã÷éï àåúå àìà áçîä. úðé àáà ùàåì àåîø îèéáåøå àãí ðåöø åîùìç ùøùéï îéëï åîéëï úðé øåàéï - ðøàä ùéù ìîåç÷å îëàï åìâøåñ çì÷ ì÷îï) ùúé òéðéå ëîéï ùúé èéôéï ùì æáåá ùðé ð÷åáé çåèîå ëîéï ùúé èéôéï ùì æáåá ôéå (ôúåç ëùòåøä øåàéï ùúé éãéå ëîéï ùúé èéôéï ùì æáåá èéáåøå ëîéï èéôä ùì æáåá âåééúå ëèéôä ùì æáåá ([ðøàä ùö"ì îúåç ëùòåøä âåééúå ëòãùä, ëúåñôúà ã:é] åàí äéúä ð÷éáä âåéúä îúåç (ëùòøä) [ðøàä ùö"ì ëùòåøä ìàøëä, ëúåñôúà ã:é]

(m)

Its two eyes like two eyes of a fly. Its two nostrils are like two eyes of a fly. Its mouth extends like [the size of] a barley seed. Its Ever is the size of a lentil. If it is a female, its [genital] opening is stretched like a barley seed, [split] along its length.

åúðé øáé éåðúï àåîø øåàéï ùúé æøåòåúéå ëîéï ùðé çåèéï ùì æäåøéú åùàø ëì àéáøéå ëîéï âåìí îöåîúéí åôéúåç éãéí åøâìéí àéï ìå àãééï

1.

(Beraisa - R. Yonason): We see its two arms like red threads, and the rest of its limbs are unformed and connected. Its hands and feet are not yet opened (formed).

åòìéå äåà îôåøù á÷áìä [úäéìéí ÷ìè èæ] âìîé øàå òéðéê åòì ñôøê ëåìí éëúáå éîéí éöøå åìà àçã áäí.

2.

It says about it "Galmi Ra'u Einecha v'Al Sifrecha Kulam Yikasevu Yamim Yutzru v'Lo Echad Bahem" (Hash-m saw when I was like a formless Golem).

[ðøàä ùö"ì àéï áåã÷éï àåúå áîéí îôðé ùäï òæéï åòåëøéï àåúå àìà áùîï îôðé ùäåà îúåï åîæâæâ åàéï áåã÷éï àåúå àìà áçîä, ò"ô âéøñú äâø"à áúåñôúà ã:éà]

(n)

We do not check it in water, for it is strong, and clouds it. Rather, [we check it] in oil, for it is slow [to descend] and makes clear. We check it only in the sun.

øá éäåãä ùàì ìùîåàì áâéï ãàðà çëéí îéçîé ñéîðé ùôéø

(o)

Question (Rav Yehudah, to Shmuel): Because I am expert, can I see Simanim of a Shefir [to rule whether or not it was Merukam]?

à"ì øéùéä ãøéùê éëååä áøåúçéï åàúä ìà úéëåä àôéìå áôåùøéï

(p)

Answer (Shmuel): The head of your head (Mar Ukva, the Reish Galusa, has authority over me, and I am your Rebbi) will be scalded in boiling (if he rules improperly. You should not rule, so that) you not be scalded even in mildly hot water!

øáé çééä áùí øáé éåçðï àéìéï ðùééà ãàîøï ùáìåìéä ãëø ùáìåìä ð÷åáä ìéú àðï ñîëéï òìéäåï

(q)

(R. Chiya citing R. Yochanan): These women, who say that [a Shefir shaped like] a male snail, [the fetus was] a male, and [if it is like] a female snail, [the fetus was] a female, we do not rely on them (to rule that she is Vadai Yoledes Zachar, or Vadai Yoledes Nekevah).

øáé éò÷á áø æáãé øáé àáäå áùí øáé éåçðï ðàîðú àùä ìåîø éìãúé åìà éìãúé åàéðä ðàîðú ìåîø ãëø äåà ðå÷áä äéà:

(r)

(R. Yakov bar Zavdi citing R. Avahu citing R. Yochanan): A woman is believed to say 'I gave birth [to something for which there is Tum'as Leidah' or 'I did not give birth', but she is not believed to say if it was male or female (they are not experts to know this).

2)

TUM'AH DUE TO A SANDAL OR SHILYA (Yerushalmi Perek 3 Halachah 4 Daf 11a)

[ãó éà òîåã à] îúðé' äîôìú ñðãì àå ùéìééà úùá ìæëø åìð÷éáä

(a)

(Mishnah): If a woman miscarried a Sandal (a fetus that was mashed) or a Shilya (fetal sac) she sits for (adopts the stringencies of Yoledes) male and female.

äùéìéà ááéú äáéú èîà

(b)

If a Shilya (fetal sac) is in a house, the house is Tamei;

ìà ùäùéìééà ååìã àìà ùàéï ùéìééà ùàéï òîä ååìã

1.

This is not because a Shilya is a child, rather, because there is always a child with it.

ø"ù àåîø ðéîå÷ äååìã òã ùìà éöà:

(c)

R. Shimon says, perhaps the child dissolved (and was Batel in Dam Leidah) before it left!

âî' øáé áà áùí øá éäåãä àéï ñðãì àìà ùøöîå çé åàéðå éåöà òí äçé àìà òí äîú

(d)

(Gemara - R. Ba citing Rav Yehudah): A Sandal results only because a live [fetus] crushed it. [Normally] it does not come out with a live [baby], rather, with a Mes (Nefel).

äùéá øáé áåï áø çééä åäà úðéðï äîôìú ñðãì àå ùéìééà úùá ìæëø åìð÷éáä äåé ååìã äåà

(e)

Question (R. Bun bar Chiyah - R. Bun bar Chiyah - Mishnah): If a woman miscarried a Sandal or a Shilya, she sits for male and female. This shows that it is a child! (A Tosefta (4:8) teaches that there is always a child with a Sandal. Why does a Mishnah in Kerisus say that she brings a Korban for a Sandal? In any case she brings a Korban for the child!)

àîø øá äåðà ÷ééîúä ÷åîé øáé éøîéä úéôúø ùéöà äååìã ãøê äãåôï åñðãì ãøê äøçí

(f)

Answer #1 (Rav Huna): I answered this in front of R. Yirmeyah - the case is, the child came out from the wall (Caesarian section), and the Sandal came out from the womb.

ååìã áúåê îìàú ñðãì ìàçø îìàú

(g)

Answer #2: The child was born within Meleis (80 days of the birth of a girl, so no additional Korban is brought for the child. The Sandal was born after Meleis (so a Korban is brought for it by itself).

ååìã òã ùìà ðúâééøä ñðãì îùðúâééøä

(h)

Answer #3: The child was born before the mother converted (so she does not bring a Korban for it). The Sandal was born after she converted.

(ååìã) åàôéìå úéîø æä åæä ãøê øçí æä åæä îùðúâééøä úéôúø ùéöà äååìã úçéìä åäôøéùä ìå ÷øáï ìà äñôé÷ä ìäáéà àåúå ä÷øáï òã ùéöà ñðãì åðãçä ÷øáï äøàùåï åðîöàú îáéàä ÷øáï îçîú äñðãì.

(i)

Answer #4: You can even say that both of them were born from the womb, and both after she converted. The case is, the child came out first, she separated a Korban for it, and before she brought it, the Sandal was born and the first Korban was Nidcheh (disqualified, for now she must bring also for the Sandal, and it was not separate for this). It turns out that she brings a Korban due to the Sandal.