1)

WHICH BOLTS MAY BE MOVED ON SHABBOS? (cont.)

(a)

(Gemara): If it [hangs and] can be taken by the rope [it is strong enough, i.e. it will not snap], all permit it;

1.

They argue in a case where it cannot be taken by the rope.

2.

R. Yosi holds that since it has a pestle at the end, it is considered a Kli. (Locking with it does not look like building);

3.

R. Eliezer holds that since it cannot be taken by the rope, it is like a bolt that is not connected. (The coming Mishnah forbids this.)

(b)

(Mishnah): One may lock with a 'dragging' bolt (this will be explained) in the Mikdash, but not outside the Mikdash. (Every leniency in the Mikdash is because Ein Shevus b'Mikdash, i.e. needs of Avodah override mid'Rabanan stringencies);

(c)

If it is [not tied, rather,] resting [on the ground] it is forbidden everywhere. (One who locks with it is liable for building);

(d)

R. Yehudah says, if it is resting it is permitted in the Mikdash. If it drags it is permitted [even] outside the Mikdash.

(e)

(Gemara - Beraisa) Question: What is the 'dragging' bolt permitted in the Mikdash and forbidden outside?

1.

Answer #1: It is tied to the wall, hangs down, and reaches the ground.

2.

Objection (R. Yehudah): This is permitted even outside the Mikdash!

3.

Answer #2 (R. Yehudah): The bolt permitted only in the Mikdash is neither tied nor hanging; one removes it and leaves it [on the ground] in a corner.

(f)

(Rav Yehudah): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah regarding a bolt that [hangs and] drags.

(g)

(Rava): This is only if it is tied to the door [but not if it is tied to the doorpost. Then, it looks like building.]

(h)

Question: R. Tavla visited Mechuza (Rava's city) and saw a bolt hanging from the supporting beam of a door, and he did not say anything!

(i)

Answer: That bolt could be taken by the rope.

(j)

Rav Avya visited Neharda'a; he saw a man tying [a bolt to the door] with a reed.

(k)

Rav Avya: You may not lock with it. (It is not considered tied, for the reed is too weak.)

(l)

Question (R. Zeira): What is the law of Nikmaz? (There is a hole in the ground behind the door for the bolt to enter to lock the door.)

(m)

Answer (Rav Yosef - Beraisa): Nishmat is forbidden. (The rope holding a bolt snapped, and one leaves the bolt in a corner when the door is unlocked.) Nikmaz is permitted;

1.

R. Yehudah says, Nikmaz is forbidden even if it is not Nishmat.

2.

(Rav Yehudah): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah regarding Nikmaz.

3.

Question: What is the reason?

4.

Answer (Abaye): It looks like building.

(n)

Question (Rav Nechumi bar Zecharyah): If one made a handle [in the middle of a bolt that is not tied], what is the law?

(o)

Answer (Abaye): With the handle it is like a pestle! (Surely, it is permitted.)

(p)

(Rav Nechumi bar Ada): If one made a handle [for a bolt], it is permitted.

(q)

There was a beam in R. Pedas' house that required 10 people to move it [due to its weight]. They put it next to the door [to support it at night]. He did not comment;

1.

He permitted because it is considered a Kli.

(r)

There was a mortar in Shmuel's house that contained 15 Sa'im (about 180 liters). He permitted people to put it next to the door, because it is considered a Kli.

2)

ADDING TO A TEMPORARY OHEL ON SHABBOS

(a)

(Rav Amram citing Rav Asi): If arches on a boat [on which mats are spread to shield from rain and cold] are [each] a Tefach wide, or if they are within three Tefachim of each other, one may spread a mat over them [on Shabbos].

(b)

Question: What is the reason?

(c)

Answer: (They are already considered an Ohel. In the latter case, this is due to Lavud.) One may add to a temporary Ohel.

(d)

Rav Huna had rams that needed shade during the day and air at night.

1.

Rav: Just before Shabbos, do not remove the mat [spread over them during the day]. Rather, roll it up, and leave a Tefach spread, so on Shabbos day you may unroll it (adding to a temporary Ohel).

(e)

(Rav): One may spread a curtain [for privacy] or Kilas Chasanim (a canopy over a bed with a pointed roof. See the diagram in Rashi) on Shabbos, or take it down.

(f)

(Rav Sheshes brei d'Rav Idi): This is only if the roof is not a Tefach wide. If it is, it is forbidden.

(g)

Even if the roof is not a Tefach wide, it is permitted only if it is not a Tefach wide within three Tefachim of the roof. If it is, it is forbidden.

(h)

Even if it is not a Tefach wide within three, it is permitted only if the Shipu'a (horizontal component of the slope) is less than a Tefach. If it is a Tefach, Shipu'a [of a slanted] Ohel is considered like a [horizontal] Ohel, so it is forbidden. (Rashi - surely, the bed is at least two Tefachim wide, so the Shipu'a on each side is at least a Tefach! We must say that if the canopy rests on several lengthwise poles; it is permitted if the Shipu'a between any two poles is less than a Tefach - see Perush Chai diagram, Perek 10 number 92, in the English Charts section.)

102b----------------------------------------102b

(i)

(Rav Shisha brei d'Rav Idi): One may wear a felt hat on Shabbos.

(j)

Question: It was taught that it is forbidden!

(k)

Answer (#1): It is forbidden [due to an Ohel] only if it spreads out a Tefach from his head.

(l)

Objection: Is it forbidden to spread a Talis over his head if it sticks out a Tefach?!

(m)

Version #1 (Rashi) Answer #2: Rather, it is permitted only if it is taut on his head. (A strap holds it in place. If not, it is forbidden lest it blow off and he will carry it.)

(n)

Version #2 (R. Chananel) Answer: A hat is taut. (it does not bend, so it looks like an Ohel). A Talis is not taut.

3)

RETURNING A DOOR ON SHABBOS

(a)

(Mishnah): If the lower hinge-pin [of a door [or window] of a Kli] came out, in the Mikdash one may return it [on Shabbos, for it is easy to return it], but not outside the Mikdash [lest he bang it in, and be liable for finishing a Kli];

(b)

If the upper hinge-pin came out, it is forbidden everywhere. (Rashi - even if the lower pin is intact, the door will fall off, so attaching the upper pin is building. This Tana holds that building applies to Kelim. Tosfos - he forbids lest one bang it back. This is a severe Shevus that is not permitted in the Mikdash.)

(c)

R. Yehudah says, [even] the upper pin [is permitted] in the Mikdash (building does not apply to Kelim), and [only] the lower pin [is permitted] outside the Mikdash.

(d)

(Gemara - Beraisa): In the Mikdash one may return the [lower] pin of a door of a coach, box or cabinet. Outside the Mikdash, [if it did not totally leave the hole in which it rotates] one may push it back;

(e)

The upper pin is forbidden everywhere. This (Tosfos; Rashi - the Isur to return a lower pin outside the Mikdash) is a decree lest one bang it back. If one did so, he is Chayav Chatas.

(f)

One may not return a pin of a door of a pit, [underground] cistern or of an extension of a building. If one did so, he is Chayav Chatas [for building onto something attached to the ground].

4)

RETURNING A BANDAGE ON SHABBOS

(a)

(Mishnah): In the Mikdash, one [a Kohen] may return a bandage [on Shabbos, i.e. if he removed it to do Avodah];

(b)

This is forbidden outside the Mikdash [lest he smear, which is a Melachah];

(c)

In any place one may not put on a bandage for the first time. (This is never needed for Avodah.)

(d)

(Gemara - Beraisa): If a bandage fell off a wound, we may return it on Shabbos;

(e)

R. Yehudah says, [if it fell we may not return it, but] if it slipped below, one may force it back up, and vice-versa;

(f)

One may partially pull back a bandage to clean [part of] the wound, then pull back the other part to clean [the rest of] the wound;

1.

One may not clean the bandage, for this is smearing. If he smeared, he is Chayav Chatas.

(g)

(Rav Yehudah): The Halachah follows R. Yehudah.

(h)

(Rav Chisda): They only argue about when it fell onto a Kli. If it fell on the ground, all forbid returning it.

(i)

Mar bar Rav Ashi: I saw a bandage fall from my father onto a pillow, and he returned it on Shabbos.

1.

Mar bar Rav Ashi: Rav Chisda taught that the argument is when it fell onto a Kli, and Rav Yehudah said that the Halachah follows R. Yehudah [who forbids]!

2.

Rav Ashi: I disagree with him (Rav Chisda. I hold that they argue about when it fell on the ground, but if it fell on a Kli, all permit returning it.)

5)

FIXING A STRING OF A HARP ON SHABBOS

(a)

(Mishnah): [On Shabbos] one may tie a string [of a harp that broke] in the Mikdash, but not outside the Mikdash;

(b)

In any place one may not tie it for the first time.

(c)

(Gemara) Contradiction (Beraisa): If a string of a harp broke, one may not make a knot, but one may make a bow.

(d)

Resolution #1: Our Mishnah is R. Eliezer, and the Beraisa is Chachamim:

1.

R. Eliezer holds that [if a Mitzvah overrides Shabbos, also its] Machshirim (necessary preparations) override Shabbos, so he permits to tie it;

2.

Chachamim hold that Machshirim do not override Shabbos. They permit only to make a bow.

(e)

Objection: If the Mishnah is R. Eliezer, it should permit to tie a string for the first time!

(f)

Resolution #2: Our Mishnah is R. Yehudah [who says that making a bow is a Melachah], and the Beraisa is Chachamim.

(g)

Objection: According to which Tana [regarding Machshirim] does R. Yehudah hold?

1.

If he holds like R. Eliezer, he should permit tying for the first time! (He cannot hold like Chachamim. They forbid Melachah for Machshirim!)

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