What is the difference between "Eimasah" and "Pachad"?
Rashi: "Eimasah" is the fear that those who are far away feel, "Pachad", those who are close. 1
Rashi: As in Yehoshua, 2:10.
To whom was Moshe referring when he said "Tipol aleihem ... bi'Gedol Zero'acha"?
Ramban #1 (citing Ibn Ezra): Refer to 15:14:1:2*. He was referring to the P'lishtim, Edom and Mo'av before Yisrael crossed the Yarden.
Ramban #2 and Seforno: He was referring to the Cana'anim, after Yisrael crossed the Yarden 1 (and he was requesting that, out of fear, they would flee before Yisrael). 2
Indeed, they did not take on Yisrael in battle until Yisrael attacked them, Bamidbar, 21:1) were not really Cana'anim at all as the Midrash points out (Ramban - See Rashi there).
Like the Egyptians tried to do. See 14:25 (Seforno).
What are the connotations of the continuation "Yidmu ka'Aven ad Ya'avor Amcha Hashem"?
Seforno: Moshe prayed that even when Yisrael will attack the Cana'anim in their towns, they would be so afraid that they will not rise against them in self-defense.
What is the significance of the double expression "ad Ya'avor"?
Rashi, Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: They refer to the crossing of the Rivers Arnon and Yarden, respectively.
Rashbam: The Pasuk repeats itself in the same way as it did above. 1
Sotah, 37a: "Ad Ya'avor Amcha Hashem" refers to the first entry - when they crossed the Yarden to build the first Beis-Hamikdash, and "Ad Ya'avor Am Zu Kanisa", to the second crossing - when they returned from Bavel to build the second Beis-Hamikdash - implying that when they entered the second tme with Ezra they were destined to experience similar miracles to those that they experienced when they entered the the first time, 2 only their sins prevented it.
What does the Pasuk mean when it describes Yisrael as the nation that Hashem acquired?