BAVA KAMA 63 (23 Teves) - Dedicated in memory of Rivkah bas Reb Avraham Leib, who passed away on 15 Adar 5764, and her husband, Nachum ben Reb Shlomo Dovid (Mosenkis) Z"L, who passed away on 23 Teves 5700, by their son and daughter-in-law, Sid and Sylvia Mosenkis.

1)

WHEN KEFEL APPLIES (Yerushalmi Perek 7 Halachah 1 Daf 30a)

îúðé' îøåáä îéãú úùìåîé ëôì îîéãú úùìåîé àøáòä åçîùä

(a)

(Mishnah): Kefel (the double payment of a thief) applies in more cases than the payment of four or five:

ùîéãú úùìåîé ëôì ðåäâú áãáø ùéù áå øåç çééí åáãáø ùàéï áå øåç çééí åîéãú úùìåîé àøáòä åçîùä àéðä ðåäâú àìà áùåø åùä áìáã ùðàîø [ùîåú ëà ìæ] ëé éâðá àéù ùåø àå ùä åâå'

1.

Kefel applies to living and inanimate things. Four or five apply only to an ox or Seh (goat or sheep) - "if a man will steal an ox or Seh and slaughter or sell it...''

àéï äâåðá àçø äâðá îùìí úùìåîé ëôì åìà äèåáç åìà äîåëø àçø äâðá îùìí úùìåîé àøáòä åçîùä:

(b)

One who steals from a thief does not pay Kefel. If he later slaughters or sells it, he does not pay four or five.

âî' îðééï úéúé ìéä.

(c)

(Gemara) Question: What is the source [that Kefel applies to living and inanimate things]?

[ùí ëá â] îàí äîöà úîöà åâå'. àéï ìé àìà ùåø åçîåø åùä. ëùäåà àåîø çééí ìøáåú ëì áòìé çééí. äâðéáä ìøáåú àú äîéèìèìéï.

(d)

Answer: "Im Himatzei Simatzei...'' teaches only an ox, donkey or Seh. "Chayim'' includes all living beings. "Ha'Geneivah'' includes Metaltelim.

åìîä ùåø åçîåø åùä àí ãáø ùéù áå äðééä ìîæáç ðéúðé ùåø åùä.

(e)

Question: [Since "ha'Geneivah'' includes Metaltelim,] why did the Torah specify an ox, donkey and Seh? If [it teaches that among Ba'alei Chayim] we include only things from which the Mizbe'ach benefits (species Kosher for Korbanos), it should teach only an ox or Seh! (MAHARA FULDA)

úðé øáé éùîòàì éöàå ÷ø÷òåú ùàéï îéèìèìéï [ãó ì òîåã á] [ãó ëå òîåã á (òåæ åäãø)] éöàå òáãéí ùàéï ìê áäï àìà úùîéù éöàå ùèøåú ùàéï ìê áäï àìà øàééä.

(f)

Answer (R. Yishmael): [The Torah taught three Peratim,] to exclude land, which is not Metaltelim; to exclude [Ivri - GILYON HA'SHAS, RIDVAZ] slaves, which you only have rights of service (you do not bodily own them); and to exclude documents, in which you have only a proof (they have no intrinsic value).

øáé àáäå ùàì ìîä ìà ùðéðå ùîéãú úùìåîé ëôì ðåäâú áèåòï èòðú âðá (áùåúôéï) [ö''ì åáùåúôéï - øéãá''æ] îä ùàéï ëï áúùìåîé àøáòä åçîùä.

(g)

Question (R. Avahu): Why was it not taught that Kefel applies to a [Shomer's false] claim of theft, and to partners (he was a partner in what he stole), and four and five do not apply to them? (The Yerushalmi does not answer this. Perhaps it was obvious that the Tana omitted cases, like the Bavli says.)

úðé åâåðá îáéú äàéù åìà îáéú äàùä.

(h)

(Beraisa) Question: "V'Gunav mi'Beis ha'Ish''- and not from a woman's house (i.e. from her husband, who uses the property that she brought into the marriage)?!

ëì òöîå àéï ëúéá øòäå àìà áùåàì åúéîø äëéï.

1.

"Re'ehu'' was written only regarding a borrower (if one will lend to Re'ehu... and it is stolen, he will pay Kefel), and you say so?! (A husband is considered like a borrower of his wife's property!)

[ö''ì àìà îáéú äàéù åìà îáéú äùåàì - ôðé îùä]

(i)

Answer: Rather, "mi'Beis ha'Ish'', and not from a borrower's house. (The Torah teaches that a Geneivah pays Kefel if he stole mi'Beis ha'Ish. It is a Gezeiras ha'Kasuv that he pays to the Shomer. (This is unlike the Bavli, which says that this is an enactment - Bava Metzi'a Perek 3.) If it was stolen from a borrower, who has full Achrayus even for Ones, it is as if it was stolen from the owner, so the owner gets the Kefel. This is based on PNEI MOSHE, KETZOS HA'CHOSHEN 349:1, RIDVAZ Shevu'os 40a DH Tani.)

àéï äâåðá àçø äâðá îùìí úùìåîé àøáòä åçîùä.

(j)

One who steals from a thief does not pay four or five.

âðá åðâðáä îîðå åúôùå áòìéí àú äùðé åðùáò ìäï àéï úéîø îåöéàéï îï äùðé îáéà ÷øáï òì äùáåòä àéï úéîø àéï îåöéàéï îï äùðé àéðå îáéà ÷øáï ùáåò'.

(k)

If one stole, and it was stolen from him, and the owner caught the second [thief], and he swore to him [that he did not steal, and later admitted] - if you will say that [the owner] can take from the second, he brings a Korban (Asham Gezelos) for the Shevu'ah. If you will say that he cannot take from the second, he does not bring Korban Shevu'ah.

âðá åðâðáä îîðå åðîìê äùðé ìäçæéø àéï úéîø éçæéø ìáòìéí ôòîéí ùàéï îåãéòéï ìâðá àéï úéîø éçæéø ìâðá ôòîéí ùàéï îåãéòéí ìáòìéí. ëéöã éòùä

(l)

Question: If one stole, and it was stolen from him, and the second decided to return - if you will say that he returns to the owner, sometimes [the owner] will not inform the [first thief, and will collect also from him]! If you will say that he returns to the [first] thief, sometimes [the thief] will not inform the owner [and the owner will not get back his item]! What should he do?

1.

Note: Even if he returns to the first thief, in Beis Din, and Beis Din will force him to return to the owner, perhaps he will consume the theft, and return to the owner only its value.

éçæéø ìáòìéí áôðé âðá:

(m)

Answer: He returns to the owner in front of the [first] thief.