AN ANIMAL FOR WHICH THERE IS AN OVERSEER (Yerushalmi Perek 4 Halachah 4 Daf 19b)
îúðé' ùåø ùì ôé÷ç ùðâç ìùåø çøù ùåèä å÷èï çééá
(Mishnah): If a healthy person's ox gored the ox of a Cheresh (deaf-mute), lunatic or child, he is liable;
ùåø çøù ùåèä å÷èï ùðâç ìùåø ùì ôé÷ç ôèåø
If a Shor Cheresh, lunatic or Katan gored a healthy person's ox, he is exempt.
ùåø çøù ùåèä å÷èï ùðâçå îòîéãéï ìäï àôåèøåôåñ åîòéãéï áäï áôðé àôåèøåôåñ
If a Shor Cheresh, lunatic or Katan gores, [Beis Din] appoints for them an Apotropos (overseer, and witnesses) testify in front of the Apotropos.
ðúô÷ç äçøù ðùúôä äùåèä äâãéì ä÷èï çæø ìúîåúå ãáøé øáé îàéø
R. Meir says, when the Cheresh or lunatic becomes healthy, or the Katan grows up, the ox reverts to being Tam;
øáé éåñé àåîø äøé äåà áçæ÷úå
R. Yosi says, it keeps its status.
ùåø äàéñèãéï àéðå çééá îéúä ùðàîø [ùîåú ëà ëç] ëé éâç åìà ùéâéçåäå àçøéí:
An Itztadin ox (one that is trained to gore in stadiums) is not killed - "when (an ox) will gore (...it will be stoned)'', not when others incite it to gore.
âî' ëéðé îúðéúà ùåø ùì çøù ùåø ùì ùåèä ùåø ùì ÷èï.
(Gemara): Our Mishnah refers to the ox of a Cheresh, lunatic or minor (not an ox that is Cheresh, lunatic or small).
åäà úðéðï ùåø çøù ùåèä å÷èï ùðâçå îòîéãéï ìäï àôåèøåôåñ. åîòéãéï ìäï áôðé àôåèøåôåñ.
Support (Mishnah): If a Shor Cheresh, lunatic or child gored, they appoint an Apotropos for them, and they testify in front of the Apotropos. (If the Mishnah discussed an ox that is Cheresh, lunatic or small, why is an Apotropos needed? Presumably, the owner is a healthy adult! We explained based on NO'AM YERUSHALMI.)
òã ëãåï ëùäåòãå ìôðé àôåèøåôéï åîñøåí ìáòìéí äåòãå ìôðé äáòìéí åîñøåí ìàôåèøåôéï îäå
Question: [In our Mishnah, the Tana'im argue] only when it was made Mu'ad in front of the Apotropos and gave [the ox] back to the owner. If it was made Mu'ad in front of the owner, and he gave it to an Apotropos, what is the law?
[ãó éæ òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] ðéùîòéðéä îï äãà [ãó ë òîåã à] ùàìå áçæ÷ú ùäåà úí åðîöà îåòã äáòìéï îùìîéï çöé ðæ÷ åäùåàì çöé ðæ÷.
Answer: We learn from the following [Tosefta]. If one borrowed [an animal] b'Chezkas (with the understanding that it is) Tam, and it was found to be Mu'ad, the owner pays half damage and the borrower pays half damage. (This shows that it is still a Mu'ad.)
à''ø àìòæø ãø' éåñé äéà ãøáé éåñé àîø äøé äåà áçæ÷úå.
Rejection (R. Elazar): It is like R. Yosi. R. Yosi says, it keeps its status [even when the Apotropos returns it to the owner. However, R. Meir says that it reverts to being Tam. Perhaps he says the same when the owner gave a Mu'ad to an Apotropos!]
åàéï ëøáé éåñé éùìí àú äëì
Question: If it is like R. Yosi, [the borrower] should pay everything! (Payment of the second half is not due to the owner. It is fully Mu'ad in the borrower's Reshus! Granted, according to R. Meir, regarding the borrower it is Tam. Only with respect to the owner it is Mu'ad, so he pays the Mu'ad half.)
áùùàìå áçæ÷ú ùäåà úí.
Answer: He borrowed it b'Chezkas Tam. (He never accepted to guard a Mu'ad.)
åàéï áùùàìå áçæ÷ú ùäåà úí ìà éùìí ëìåí
Question: If he borrowed it b'Chezkas Tam, he should not pay anything! (He never accepted to guard a gorer!)
áéåãò áå ùäåà ðâçï.
Answer: The case is, he knew that it is a gorer.
úðé äîéú áôðé äùåàì åîñøå ìáòìéí òã ùìà ðâîø ãéðå ôèåø îùðâîø ãéðå çééá
(Beraisa): If an animal gored [a person] in front of the borrower, and he gave it to the owner before it had a final verdict [to be stoned], he is exempt. If he gave it after the final verdict, he is liable;
ø' éò÷á àåîø àó îùðâîø ãéðå òã ùìà ðñ÷ì ôèåø.
R. Yakov says, even after the final verdict, before it is stoned, he is exempt.