THE AVOS NEZIKIN (Yerushalmi Perek 1 Halachah 1 Daf 1a)
[ãó à òîåã à] [ãó à òîåã à (òåæ åäãø)] îúðé' àøáòä àáåú ðæé÷éï äùåø åäáåø åäîáòä åääáòø
(Mishnah): There are four Avos Nezikin (primary categories of damagers): an ox, a pit, Mav'eh (Shen and Regel), and fire.
ìà äøé äùåø ëäøé äîáòä åìà äîáòä ëäøé äùåø
Harei (the stringency) of an ox is unlike that of Mav'eh, and Mav'eh is unlike Harei of an ox;
ìà æä åæä ùéù áäï øåç çééí ëäøé äàù ùàéï áå øåç çééí
Harei of these two, which are alive, is unlike that of fire, which is not;
ìà æä åæä ùãøëï ìéìê åìäæé÷ ëäøé äáåø ùàéï ãøëå ìéìê åìäæé÷
Harei of these three, which move and damage, is unlike that of a pit, which does not;
äöã äùåä ùáäï ùãøëï ìäæé÷ åùîéøúï òìéê åëùäæé÷ çá äîæé÷ ìùìí úùìåîé ðæ÷ [ãó à òîåã á] áîéèá äàøõ:
The common side of [all four] is that their nature is to damage, and you are obligated to guard them, and when they damaged, the damager must pay from Meitav (highest quality land).
âî' äùåø æä ä÷øï ãëúéá [ùîåú ëà ìä] åëé éâó ùåø àéù àú ùåø øòäå åâå'.
(Gemara): 'Ox' refers to Keren (goring) - "v'Chi Yigof Shor Ish Es Shor Re'ehu...''
òã ëãåï áúí áîåòã îðééï.
Question: This refers to a Tam. What is the source for a Mu'ad?
[ùí ìå] àå ðåãò ëé ùåø ðâç äåà åâå'.
Answer: "Oh Noda Ki Shor Nagach Hu...''
äáåø [ùí ìâ] ëé éôúç àéù áåø åâå' áòì äáåø éùìí åâå'.
A pit -[we learn from] "Ki Yiftach Ish Bor... Ba'al ha'Bor Yeshalem.''
äîáòä [ùí ëá ã] ëé éáòø àéù ùãä àå ëøí
Mav'eh - [we learn from] "Ki Yav'er Ish Sadeh Oh Cherem'';
[ùí ëá ã] åùìç àú äáòéøä æä äøâì ãëúéá [éùòé' ìá ë] îùìçé øâì äùåø åäçîåø.
"V'Shilach Es Be'iro'' is Regel, for it says "Meshalchei Regel ha'Shor veha'Chamor'';
åëúéá [ùí ä ä] äñø îùåëúå åäéä ìáòø æä äùï. [ùí ä ä] ôøåõ âãéøå åäéä ìîøîñ æä äøâì.
And it says "Haser Meshukaso v'Hayah Leva'er'' - this is Shen. "Paratz Gedeiro v'Hayah l'Mirmas'' is Regel. (GILYON HA'SHAS cites RASHBA (2b), who asks what we expound from Ki Yav'er. He answers that it is a second source for Shen. One is liable not only if he sent it, rather, even if it went by itself.)
åääáòø ãëúéá [ùîåú ëá ä] ëé úöà àù åîöàä ÷åöéí åâå'.
Fire - we learn from "Ki Setzei Esh u'Matzah Kotzim...''