BERACHOS 24 - Two weeks of study material have been dedicated by Mrs. Estanne Abraham Fawer to honor the Yahrzeit of her father, Rav Mordechai ben Eliezer Zvi (Rabbi Morton Weiner) Z'L, who passed away on 18 Teves 5760. May the merit of supporting and advancing Dafyomi study -- which was so important to him -- during the weeks of his Yahrzeit serve as an Iluy for his Neshamah.

1)

TOSFOS DH VE'HA TANI REBBI CHIYA MANICHAN B'KOVA TACHAS MERA'ASHOSAV

תוספות ד"ה והא תני רבי חייא מניחן בכובע תחת מראשותיו

(SUMMARY: Tosfos discusses various answers that the Gemara might have given.)

ואם תאמר, אימא בכובע שלא כנגד ראשו ...

(a)

Question: Why can we not answer that it is speaking in a hat but not next to his head ...

שהרי בברייתא דלעיל נמי תני 'תחת מראשותיו' ולא פריך מיניה משום דמצינן לפרושי שלא כנגד ראשו?

1.

Question (cont.): Since in a Beraisa earlier we also learned 'under his head, yet the Gemara did not ask from there, because we can answer that it is speaking not next to his head?

ואומר הרב רבינו יוסף, דא"כ מאי איריא בכובע, אפילו שלא בכובע נמי?

(b)

Answer: ha'Rav R. Yosef answers that in that case why does the Tana say 'in a hat', since it ought to be permitted if they are not in a hat?

אלא ש"מ דמיירי אפילו כנגד ראשו.

1.

Conclusion: It must therefore be speaking even where they are next to his head.

ומ"מ קשיא, לישני דמיירי באשתו עמו דבעיא כלי בתוך כלי, וצ"ע.

(c)

Question: Nevertheless, the Kashya remains as to why the Gemara does not answer that it speaks where his wife is with him, in which case one requires a vessel within a vessel. And Tosfos remains with a Tzarich Iyun.

2)

TOSFOS DH SH'NAYIM SHE'HAYU YESHEINIM B'MITAH

תוספות ד"ה שנים שהיו ישנים במטה

(SUMMARY: Tosfos dispenses with the problems of seeing one's own Ervah and one's heart seeing one's Ervah.)

וא"ת, והלא רואה ערות עצמו?

(a)

Question: Why is this not forbidden since he sees his own Ervah?

וי"ל, שיוציא ראשו לחוץ.

(b)

Answer: It speaks where he sticks out his head from under the covers.

וא"ת, והרי לבו רואה את הערוה?

(c)

Question: It ought nevertheless to be forbidden, seeing as 'his heart sees his Ervah'?

וי"ל, דקסבר לבו רואה את הערוה מותר.

(d)

Answer #1: He holds that if his heart sees his Ervah it is permitted to recite the Sh'ma.

אי נמי, חוצץ בבגדו כנגד לבו.

(e)

Answer #2: Alternatively, he can avoid 'Libo Ro'eh es ha'Ervah' by placing a garment on his heart.

3)

TOSFOS DH V'HATANYA HAYAH YASHEIN B'MITAH U'B'NEI BEISO ETC.

תוספות ד"ה והתניא היה ישן במטה ובני ביתו וכו'

(SUMMARY: Tosfos rejects Rashi's explanation, and ends up presenting a different text in the Beraisa.)

פי' רש"י - אשתו בכלל 'ביתו'.

(a)

Explanation #1: Rashi explains that 'his wife' is included in 'Beiso'.

ולא נהירא, חדא דלא אשכחן אשתו דמקריא בני ביתו ...

(b)

Refutation #1: But this is not correct, since we do not find anywhere, that his wife is called 'b' nei Beiso'?

ועוד לפירושו, הול"ל 'והא קתני' כאן, כיון דא'ברייתא דלעיל קאי?

(c)

Refutation #2: Moreover, it should have said here 've'ha ka'Tani', seeing as it is referring to the Beraisa that we cited earlier ...

אבל מדקאמר 'והתניא' משמע דברייתא אחרת היא.

1.

Refutation #2 (cont.): And since it says 've'ha'Tanya', it implies that it is a different Beraisa.

ואומר ה"ר יוסף דגרסינן 'היה ישן במטה ואשתו ישנה בצדו, לא יחזיר פניו ויקרא, אא"כ היתה טלית מפסקת בינו לבינה.

(d)

Explanation #2: ha'Rav R. Yosef therefore has the text 'If he was sleeping in bed and his wife is sleeping at his side, he may not simply turn over and recite the 'Sh'ma', unless there is a Tallis that divides between them'.

24b----------------------------------------24b

4)

TOSFOS DH U'MEMASHMESH B'VIGDO

תוספות ד"ה וממשמש בבגדו

(SUMMARY: Tosfos explains a Machlokes Rashi and Rabeinu Chananel as to whether Rebbi was issuing two independent rulings here or one dual one.)

פרש"י - להעביר הכינה העוקצתו ...

(a)

Explanation #1: Rashi explains - to remove a louse that is biting him.

אבל לא מתעטף אם נפלה טליתו; ותרי מילי נינהו.

1.

Explanation #1 (cont): He may not however, wrap himself in his Talis once it falls off. These are two unconnected rulings.

ור"ח פי' דחדא מילתא היא - פי' ממשמש בבגדו, תקן בגדו שלא יפול מעל ראשו, אבל אם נפל מעל ראשו, לא היה מתעטף, שהרי היא הפסקה אם מתעטף, כיון שנפל לגמרי; אבל לתקן קצת שלא יפול לא הוי הפסקה.

(b)

Explanation #2: But Rabeinu Chananel explaains that the two statement are part of the same ruling - He would 'feel his Tallis' to rectify it that it should not fall off his head; but once it has, he did not wrap himself in it, as that would have been considered a break, since it fell off completely. But to rectify it a little, so that it should not fall off, is not considered a break.

5)

TOSFOS DH V'OMER RIBON HA'OLAMIM

תוספות ד"ה ואומר רבון העולמים

(SUMMARY: Tosfos clarifies the Gemara's ruling.)

מיד באמצע תפלתו, ואח"כ מתחיל ממקום שפסק

(a)

Clarification: One says this immediately in the middle of one's Amidah, and then continues from where one initially left off.

6)

TOSFOS DH AMAR LEIH L'DIDI LO S'VIRA LI

תוספות ד"ה אמר ליה לדידי לא סבירא לי

(SUMMARY: Tosfos explains what Rebbi Yochanan answered Rebbi Avahu.)

פירוש משום תרתי מילי, חדא דסבירנא דאינו חוזר לראש, דאמר רבי יוחנן (ר"ה דף ל"ד:) 'שמע תשע תקיעות בתשע שעות, יצא'.

(a)

Explanation #1: Rebbi Yochanan is stating two reasons here: firstly, that in his opinion, one does not need to start all over again, as he himself says in Rosh ha'Shanah (Daf 34:) 'Someone who hears nine notes of the Shofar in nine hours, is Yotzei';

ועוד דסבירא לי מניח ידו על פיו, ואם כן הוי ליה ראוי;

1.

Explanation #1 (cont.): And secondly, he holds that one is able to place one's hand over one's mouth, in which case he is fit to recite the Sh'ma, anyway.

אלא לדידך דסבירא לך דחייב להפסיק ... .

2.

Explanation #1 (cont.): But according to you, he told Rebbi Avahu, who holds that one is Chayav to stop reciting the Sh'ma (if he waited long enough to finish the whole Sh'ma, he must begin all over again).

7)

TOSFOS DH BE'CHEVLEI SHAV

תוספות ד"ה בחבלי השוא

(SUMMARY: Tosfos explains why it is called 'Chavlei ha'Shav'.)

כלומר בחנם מושכים עליהם עון, כי טוב היה שלא היו מקיימין אותו כלל.

(a)

Clarification: This means that in vain did they draw upon themselves sin, for it would have been better had they not fulfilled the Mitzvah at all.

8)

TOSFOS DH PASAK RABEINU CHANANEL (This Tosfos belongs to the next Amud)

תוספות ד"ה פסק רבינו חננאל

(SUMMARY: Tosfos discusses the Machlokes between Rabeinu Chananel an the Rif as to whether we rule like Rav Chisda or like Rav Huna.)

כרב חסדא, דאסור לקרות ק"ש אפילו צואה תחת בגדו, על בשרו.

(a)

Halachah #1: Rabeinu Chananel rules like Rav Chisda, who forbids reading the Sh'ma, even if the excrement on his flesh is underneath his clothes.

וס"ל "כל עצמותי תאמרנה" (תהלים לה) ...

1.

Reason: Because he holds of the Pasuk in Tehilim (35) "All my bones will praise You".

דאע"ג דר' חסדא תלמיד דר' הונא הוה ...

(b)

Implied Question: Even though Rav Chisda is merely a Talmid of Rav Huna ...

לחומרא אזלינן.

(c)

Answer: We nevertheless go (like him) le'Chumra.

ורב אלפס פסק כרב הונא, מדאקשי גמרא מיניה ביומא פרק הממונה (ד' ל.).

(d)

Counter Opinion: Rav Alfas however, rules like Rav Huna, seeing as the Gemara asks from him in Yoma Perek ha'Memuneh (30.).

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